{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148094786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530067","title":"A Linguistically Motivated Model for Speed and Pausing in Animations of American Sign Language","display_name":"A Linguistically Motivated Model for Speed and Pausing in Animations of American Sign Language","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148094786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530067","mag":"2148094786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1530064.1530067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034572826","display_name":"Matt Huenerfauth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-2681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111455621","display_name":"Queens College, CUNY","ror":"https://ror.org/03v8adn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111455621"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matt Huenerfauth","raw_affiliation_strings":["The City University of New York, Queens College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The City University of New York, Queens College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111455621"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034572826"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111455621"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96473417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-sign-language","display_name":"American Sign Language","score":0.8499746918678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8394109010696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.6721997261047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.576575517654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psycholinguistics","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","score":0.5597335696220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5334174036979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5207666754722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.5083314776420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.4517372250556946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4199441075325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.4141005873680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.412801057100296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35418587923049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3526068329811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3230336308479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32014426589012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.24087819457054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1575688123703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.11658361554145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1106804609298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.07435452938079834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776737515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14759","display_name":"American Sign Language","level":3,"score":0.8499746918678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8394109010696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.6721997261047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.576575517654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89267518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","level":3,"score":0.5597335696220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5334174036979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5207666754722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.5083314776420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4517372250556946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4199441075325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.4141005873680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.412801057100296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35418587923049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3526068329811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3230336308479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32014426589012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.24087819457054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1575688123703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.11658361554145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1106804609298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.07435452938079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1530064.1530067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168937109","https://openalex.org/W202197818","https://openalex.org/W1488647329","https://openalex.org/W1496324522","https://openalex.org/W1512404160","https://openalex.org/W1597744023","https://openalex.org/W1968208109","https://openalex.org/W1973941558","https://openalex.org/W2009179550","https://openalex.org/W2012546542","https://openalex.org/W2038975019","https://openalex.org/W2045968178","https://openalex.org/W2050675404","https://openalex.org/W2054032682","https://openalex.org/W2067816375","https://openalex.org/W2074032428","https://openalex.org/W2076215218","https://openalex.org/W2080378008","https://openalex.org/W2094021174","https://openalex.org/W2100772577","https://openalex.org/W2103003594","https://openalex.org/W2124934925","https://openalex.org/W2148094786","https://openalex.org/W2163541894","https://openalex.org/W2327790391","https://openalex.org/W4238665603","https://openalex.org/W4239554760","https://openalex.org/W4243974359","https://openalex.org/W4256333009","https://openalex.org/W6629543024","https://openalex.org/W7056744157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089405242","https://openalex.org/W2004685257","https://openalex.org/W1977288663","https://openalex.org/W2115068291","https://openalex.org/W2954293526","https://openalex.org/W2981562378","https://openalex.org/W3010360921","https://openalex.org/W2014368467","https://openalex.org/W1977521393","https://openalex.org/W2100673443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"deaf":[1],"adults":[2],"in":[3,89,127,151],"the":[4,33,56,60,68,72,87,98,103,118,133],"United":[5],"States":[6],"have":[7,79,93,141],"difficulty":[8],"reading":[9],"written":[10],"English":[11],"text;":[12],"computer":[13],"animations":[14,135,163],"of":[15,35,59,76,86,100,105,120],"American":[16],"Sign":[17],"Language":[18],"(ASL)":[19],"can":[20,62,116],"improve":[21,117],"these":[22,162],"individuals\u2019":[23],"access":[24],"to":[25,42,82,96],"information,":[26],"communication,":[27],"and":[28,31,40,47,55,74,102,149,160],"services.":[29],"Planning":[30],"scripting":[32],"movements":[34,88],"a":[36,44,52,125,157],"virtual":[37],"character\u2019s":[38],"arms":[39],"body":[41],"perform":[43],"grammatically":[45],"correct":[46],"understandable":[48,168],"ASL":[49,90,109,121,130,134,170],"sentence":[50],"is":[51],"difficult":[53],"task,":[54],"timing":[57,75,85],"subtleties":[58],"animation":[61],"be":[63],"particularly":[64],"challenging.":[65],"After":[66],"examining":[67],"psycholinguistics":[69],"literature":[70],"on":[71,156],"speed":[73],"ASL,":[77],"we":[78,123],"designed":[80],"software":[81,115],"calculate":[83,97],"realistic":[84],"animations.":[91],"We":[92,140],"built":[94],"algorithms":[95],"time-duration":[99],"signs":[101],"location/length":[104],"pauses":[106,148],"during":[107],"an":[108],"animation.":[110],"To":[111],"determine":[112],"whether":[113],"our":[114,138],"quality":[119],"animations,":[122],"conducted":[124],"study":[126],"which":[128],"native":[129],"signers":[131],"evaluated":[132],"processed":[136],"by":[137,169],"algorithms.":[139],"found":[142],"that:":[143],"(1)":[144],"adding":[145],"linguistically":[146],"motivated":[147],"variations":[150],"sign-durations":[152],"improved":[153],"signers\u2019":[154],"performance":[155],"comprehension":[158],"task":[159],"(2)":[161],"were":[164],"rated":[165],"as":[166],"more":[167],"signers.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
