{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970909954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530066","title":"A3","display_name":"A3","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970909954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530066","mag":"1970909954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1530064.1530066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063359447","display_name":"Joshua Hailpern","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Hailpern","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075056899","display_name":"Karrie Karahalios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-3405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karrie Karahalios","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035282273","display_name":"James W. Halle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-8398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Halle","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089020869","display_name":"Laura S. DeThorne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1561-2611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Dethorne","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083031440","display_name":"Mary\u2010Kelsey Coletto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary-Kelsey Coletto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063359447"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.06283255,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90295307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.7911829948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","score":0.6462892889976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5938094258308411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5844548344612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4644221365451813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4574235677719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.45521989464759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4413924813270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4376603662967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39952585101127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3472370505332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3298576772212982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.301279753446579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.2239466905593872}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.7911829948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.6462892889976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5938094258308411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5844548344612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4644221365451813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4574235677719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.45521989464759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4413924813270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4376603662967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39952585101127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3472370505332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3298576772212982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.301279753446579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2239466905593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1530064.1530066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1530064.1530066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6930394155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF-0643502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19660274","https://openalex.org/W85845213","https://openalex.org/W348774552","https://openalex.org/W635515851","https://openalex.org/W1492004981","https://openalex.org/W1504784536","https://openalex.org/W1516166762","https://openalex.org/W1524788453","https://openalex.org/W1533171997","https://openalex.org/W1538435250","https://openalex.org/W1545137587","https://openalex.org/W1591113207","https://openalex.org/W1593566473","https://openalex.org/W1596429772","https://openalex.org/W1597626025","https://openalex.org/W1727064160","https://openalex.org/W1744371689","https://openalex.org/W1967983000","https://openalex.org/W1973703238","https://openalex.org/W1974665264","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2006958331","https://openalex.org/W2011605810","https://openalex.org/W2012136733","https://openalex.org/W2016245572","https://openalex.org/W2017901901","https://openalex.org/W2018647396","https://openalex.org/W2020063333","https://openalex.org/W2026645894","https://openalex.org/W2029073895","https://openalex.org/W2032646771","https://openalex.org/W2034434044","https://openalex.org/W2035420945","https://openalex.org/W2041597609","https://openalex.org/W2043032678","https://openalex.org/W2047739584","https://openalex.org/W2053795561","https://openalex.org/W2056571647","https://openalex.org/W2057731334","https://openalex.org/W2079155585","https://openalex.org/W2079847979","https://openalex.org/W2081707770","https://openalex.org/W2082936694","https://openalex.org/W2089704397","https://openalex.org/W2093522395","https://openalex.org/W2100729449","https://openalex.org/W2102030193","https://openalex.org/W2105198535","https://openalex.org/W2105410756","https://openalex.org/W2107054196","https://openalex.org/W2108673905","https://openalex.org/W2110228188","https://openalex.org/W2111007981","https://openalex.org/W2112734396","https://openalex.org/W2114753832","https://openalex.org/W2120442172","https://openalex.org/W2120493173","https://openalex.org/W2126450323","https://openalex.org/W2127661044","https://openalex.org/W2129116669","https://openalex.org/W2131462465","https://openalex.org/W2135029532","https://openalex.org/W2135614952","https://openalex.org/W2136547657","https://openalex.org/W2141024328","https://openalex.org/W2144446993","https://openalex.org/W2151881614","https://openalex.org/W2155841434","https://openalex.org/W2158429562","https://openalex.org/W2158513576","https://openalex.org/W2317293732","https://openalex.org/W2419324624","https://openalex.org/W2608040521","https://openalex.org/W2616465717","https://openalex.org/W2797597138","https://openalex.org/W2949533195","https://openalex.org/W3134357880","https://openalex.org/W4249823113","https://openalex.org/W4249858498","https://openalex.org/W4300110167","https://openalex.org/W6600810080","https://openalex.org/W6629270998","https://openalex.org/W6632198321","https://openalex.org/W6677652870","https://openalex.org/W7070726332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2735662278","https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2382615723","https://openalex.org/W4405331580","https://openalex.org/W4311804456","https://openalex.org/W1987484445","https://openalex.org/W2623658258","https://openalex.org/W2143413548","https://openalex.org/W2049479989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"HCI":[0],"studies":[1],"assessing":[2],"nonverbal":[3,66],"individuals":[4],"(especially":[5],"those":[6],"who":[7],"do":[8],"not":[9],"communicate":[10],"through":[11],"traditional":[12],"linguistic":[13],"means:":[14],"spoken,":[15],"written,":[16],"or":[17,31,83],"sign)":[18],"are":[19],"a":[20,74,117,141],"daunting":[21],"undertaking.":[22],"Without":[23],"the":[24,43,48,57,63,90,137,145,163],"use":[25],"of":[26,40,47,59,65,76,92,95,119,126,136,144,148],"directed":[27],"tasks,":[28],"interviews,":[29],"questionnaires,":[30],"question-answer":[32],"sessions,":[33],"researchers":[34],"must":[35],"rely":[36],"fully":[37],"upon":[38],"observation":[39],"behavior,":[41],"and":[42,45,101,140,151,170,179,190],"categorization":[44],"quantification":[46],"participant\u2019s":[49],"actions.":[50],"This":[51,103],"problem":[52],"is":[53],"compounded":[54],"further":[55],"by":[56,176],"lack":[58],"metrics":[60],"to":[61,88,115,166],"quantify":[62],"behavior":[64,91],"subjects":[67],"in":[68,129,186],"computer-based":[69],"intervention":[70],"contexts.":[71],"We":[72,174],"present":[73,155],"set":[75,118],"dependent":[77,120],"variables":[78,182],"called":[79],"A3":[80,164],"(pronounced":[81],"A-Cubed)":[82],"Annotation":[84],"for":[85],"ASD":[86],"Analysis,":[87],"assess":[89],"this":[93],"demographic":[94],"users,":[96],"specifically":[97],"focusing":[98],"on":[99],"engagement":[100],"vocalization.":[102],"paper":[104],"demonstrates":[105],"how":[106,156,178],"theory":[107],"from":[108],"multiple":[109,187],"disciplines":[110],"can":[111,183],"be":[112,160,184],"brought":[113],"together":[114],"create":[116],"variables,":[121,128],"as":[122,124],"well":[123],"demonstration":[125],"these":[127,181],"an":[130,134],"experimental":[131],"context.":[132],"Through":[133],"examination":[135],"existing":[138],"literature,":[139],"detailed":[142],"analysis":[143],"current":[146],"state":[147],"computer":[149,157],"vision":[150],"speech":[152],"detection,":[153],"we":[154],"automation":[158],"may":[159],"integrated":[161],"with":[162,191],"guidelines":[165],"reduce":[167],"coding":[168],"time":[169],"potentially":[171],"increase":[172],"accuracy.":[173],"conclude":[175],"presenting":[177],"where":[180],"used":[185],"research":[188],"areas":[189],"varied":[192],"target":[193],"populations.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}