{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001789644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1526252.1526257","title":"A Chinese-Japanese Lexical Machine Translation through a Pivot Language","display_name":"A Chinese-Japanese Lexical Machine Translation through a Pivot Language","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001789644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1526252.1526257","mag":"2001789644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1526252.1526257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1526252.1526257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56575750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing","issn_l":"1530-0226","issn":["1530-0226","1558-3430"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020888824","display_name":"Takashi Tsunakawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-6099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Tsunakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo","university of Tokyo;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of Tokyo;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066940046","display_name":"Naoaki Okazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-6175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoaki Okazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo","university of Tokyo;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of Tokyo;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102612370","display_name":"Xiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-3839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo","university of Tokyo;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of Tokyo;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112241147","display_name":"Jun\u2019ichi Tsujii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun\u2019ichi Tsujii","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, University of Manchester, National Centre for Text Mining, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, University of Manchester, National Centre for Text Mining, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71960337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.857073962688446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8335397243499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7209010720252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7006490230560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kanji","display_name":"Kanji","score":0.6661666631698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.654332160949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6191117763519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4399024248123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.2808361053466797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.857073962688446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8335397243499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7209010720252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7006490230560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83535845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772","display_name":"Kanji","level":3,"score":0.6661666631698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.654332160949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6191117763519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4399024248123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.2808361053466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1526252.1526257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1526252.1526257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S56575750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing","issn_l":"1530-0226","issn":["1530-0226","1558-3430"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W222053410","https://openalex.org/W1490062449","https://openalex.org/W1550143681","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2024181699","https://openalex.org/W2031685401","https://openalex.org/W2055161982","https://openalex.org/W2072976288","https://openalex.org/W2078861931","https://openalex.org/W2092670679","https://openalex.org/W2097333193","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2105950210","https://openalex.org/W2107639100","https://openalex.org/W2107770936","https://openalex.org/W2111666304","https://openalex.org/W2118495769","https://openalex.org/W2119727789","https://openalex.org/W2124807415","https://openalex.org/W2146574666","https://openalex.org/W2153653739","https://openalex.org/W2154124206","https://openalex.org/W2489487449","https://openalex.org/W2741609678","https://openalex.org/W2893531323","https://openalex.org/W2998215494","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318827931","https://openalex.org/W4293870971","https://openalex.org/W1831473261","https://openalex.org/W2775554247","https://openalex.org/W2110168585","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2250213760","https://openalex.org/W4386247111","https://openalex.org/W4327642362","https://openalex.org/W2587014613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,154],"bilingual":[1,25,52,72],"lexicon":[2,26,73,112],"is":[3,43,67],"an":[4,19],"expensive":[5],"but":[6],"critical":[7],"resource":[8],"for":[9,22,171],"multilingual":[10],"applications":[11],"in":[12],"natural":[13],"language":[14,35,46],"processing.":[15],"This":[16],"article":[17],"proposes":[18],"integrated":[20],"framework":[21],"building":[23],"a":[24,44,70,104,109,150,168],"between":[27,54,161],"the":[28,34,48,77,83,91,115,118,125,133,136,141,145,159,162],"Chinese":[29,55,94],"and":[30,56,95,113,120,164],"Japanese":[31,57,96],"languages.":[32],"Since":[33],"pair":[36],"Chinese-Japanese":[37,71,111,152],"does":[38],"not":[39],"include":[40],"English,":[41],"which":[42],"central":[45],"of":[47,90,93,117,135],"world,":[49],"few":[50],"large-scale":[51],"resources":[53],"have":[58],"been":[59],"constructed.":[60],"One":[61],"solution":[62],"to":[63,68,82],"alleviate":[64],"this":[65],"problem":[66],"build":[69],"through":[74],"English":[75],"as":[76],"pivot":[78],"language.":[79],"In":[80],"addition":[81],"pivotal":[84,137],"approach,":[85],"we":[86],"can":[87,139],"make":[88],"use":[89,99,114,134],"characteristics":[92],"languages":[97],"that":[98,132,158],"Han":[100],"characters.":[101],"We":[102],"incorporate":[103],"translation":[105,142,146],"model":[106,147],"obtained":[107],"from":[108,149],"small":[110,151],"similarity":[116,160],"hanzi":[119,163],"kanji":[121,165],"characters":[122,166],"by":[123],"using":[124],"log-linear":[126],"model.":[127],"Our":[128],"experimental":[129],"results":[130,155],"show":[131],"approach":[138],"improve":[140],"performance":[143],"over":[144],"built":[148],"lexicon.":[153],"also":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"provides":[167],"positive":[169],"effect":[170],"translating":[172],"technical":[173],"terms.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
