{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974575147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1514095.1514100","title":"The snackbot","display_name":"The snackbot","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974575147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1514095.1514100","mag":"1974575147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1514095.1514100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1514095.1514100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113512998","display_name":"Min Kyung Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Kyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078288310","display_name":"Jodi Forlizzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-075X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jodi Forlizzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061214445","display_name":"Paul E. Rybski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Rybski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003285949","display_name":"Frederick L. Crabbe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158971","display_name":"United States Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00znex860","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I189158971","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick Crabbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027328219","display_name":"Wayne C. Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086196728","display_name":"Josh Finkle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Finkle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004275393","display_name":"Eric Glaser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Glaser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111980175","display_name":"Sara Kiesler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Kiesler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113512998"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98337286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7421440482139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5616337060928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5322337746620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49430298805236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.48710131645202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-robot","display_name":"Service robot","score":0.48352718353271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4822983741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.4599311649799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process","display_name":"Design process","score":0.4386273920536041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction-design","display_name":"Interaction design","score":0.4110003113746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.36391574144363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3461075723171234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.34085553884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.33054274320602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.258447527885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18351662158966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14623603224754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.11129343509674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.11104372143745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.07221043109893799}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7421440482139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5616337060928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5322337746620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49430298805236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.48710131645202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776228582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455797","display_name":"Service robot","level":3,"score":0.48352718353271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4822983741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.4599311649799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.4386273920536041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13854087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061656","display_name":"Interaction design","level":2,"score":0.4110003113746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.36391574144363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3461075723171234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.34085553884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.33054274320602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.258447527885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18351662158966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14623603224754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.11129343509674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.11104372143745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.07221043109893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1514095.1514100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1514095.1514100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148285220","https://openalex.org/W1970076942","https://openalex.org/W1979006385","https://openalex.org/W1985945240","https://openalex.org/W1989104072","https://openalex.org/W1997027186","https://openalex.org/W1997439936","https://openalex.org/W2002024051","https://openalex.org/W2007223396","https://openalex.org/W2015673119","https://openalex.org/W2019356367","https://openalex.org/W2033684779","https://openalex.org/W2059335215","https://openalex.org/W2061309618","https://openalex.org/W2063594338","https://openalex.org/W2071262957","https://openalex.org/W2094223914","https://openalex.org/W2099019320","https://openalex.org/W2108202469","https://openalex.org/W2110585328","https://openalex.org/W2114441423","https://openalex.org/W2115855524","https://openalex.org/W2129928382","https://openalex.org/W2132446817","https://openalex.org/W2140321175","https://openalex.org/W2150487359","https://openalex.org/W2153716790","https://openalex.org/W2160434794","https://openalex.org/W2164349427","https://openalex.org/W2166393533","https://openalex.org/W2169033759","https://openalex.org/W2169736278","https://openalex.org/W2170748977","https://openalex.org/W2318557077","https://openalex.org/W6605956317","https://openalex.org/W6835244479"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022202904","https://openalex.org/W4312511060","https://openalex.org/W3042490037","https://openalex.org/W2586715940","https://openalex.org/W2121301744","https://openalex.org/W3181705171","https://openalex.org/W2935080094","https://openalex.org/W2160434794","https://openalex.org/W4250841346","https://openalex.org/W2049851324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,64],"present":[1],"the":[2,5,66,69,73,81,85],"design":[3,39,70,74],"of":[4,68,84],"Snackbot,":[6],"a":[7,23,31,49],"robot":[8,18],"that":[9,61,78],"will":[10],"deliver":[11],"snacks":[12],"in":[13,53],"our":[14],"university":[15],"buildings.":[16],"The":[17],"is":[19,46],"intended":[20],"to":[21,28,80],"provide":[22],"useful,":[24],"continuing":[25],"service":[26],"and":[27,72,76],"serve":[29],"as":[30,48],"research":[32],"platform":[33],"for":[34,51],"long-term":[35],"Human-Robot":[36],"Interaction.":[37],"Our":[38],"process,":[40],"which":[41],"occurred":[42],"over":[43],"24":[44],"months,":[45],"documented":[47],"contribution":[50],"others":[52],"HRI":[54],"who":[55],"may":[56],"be":[57],"developing":[58],"social":[59],"robots":[60],"offer":[62],"services.":[63],"describe":[65],"phases":[67],"project,":[71],"decisions":[75],"tradeoffs":[77],"led":[79],"current":[82],"version":[83],"robot.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
