{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158801982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1513876.1513877","title":"Classifying search queries using the Web as a source of knowledge","display_name":"Classifying search queries using the Web as a source of knowledge","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158801982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1513876.1513877","mag":"2158801982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1513876.1513877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1513876.1513877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013932834","display_name":"Evgeniy Gabrilovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-1926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evgeniy Gabrilovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108541542","display_name":"Andrei Broder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Broder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073768909","display_name":"Marcus Fontoura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Fontoura","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024420621","display_name":"Amruta Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-1755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799798094","display_name":"UCLA Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01d88se56","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799798094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amruta Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCLA, Los Angeles, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCLA, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799798094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037908462","display_name":"Vanja Josifovski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanja Josifovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055785402","display_name":"Lance Riedel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134091","display_name":"Yahoo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/040dkzz12","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lance Riedel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yahoo Research, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yahoo Research, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378750","display_name":"Tong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5818-4285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013932834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134091"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0787,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98923753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8398118615150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.7964524030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.7745112776756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.7542369365692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.7053487300872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6176959276199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6015092134475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.5982292294502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.49829649925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.47461190819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.4649466574192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-engine","display_name":"Web search engine","score":0.46038389205932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-query","display_name":"Spatial query","score":0.4433339834213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.4339383840560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-aggregation","display_name":"Online aggregation","score":0.42104703187942505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8398118615150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.7964524030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.7745112776756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.7542369365692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.7053487300872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6176959276199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6015092134475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.5982292294502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.49829649925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.47461190819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4649466574192047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521815418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4182287","display_name":"Web search engine","level":4,"score":0.46038389205932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172722865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial query","level":5,"score":0.4433339834213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.4339383840560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24028149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094056","display_name":"Online aggregation","level":5,"score":0.42104703187942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1513876.1513877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1513876.1513877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.150.634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.150.634","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gabr/publications/papers/Gabrilovich2009CSQ.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.550.9220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.550.9220","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://fontoura.org/papers/tweb2009.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-98535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-98535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4793758734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMS-0706805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337380","funder_display_name":"Division of Mathematical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337380","display_name":"Division of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051fftw81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481308070","https://openalex.org/W1482214997","https://openalex.org/W1524688041","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1538556863","https://openalex.org/W1550206324","https://openalex.org/W1570709650","https://openalex.org/W1581515278","https://openalex.org/W1972640883","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1985182453","https://openalex.org/W1985554184","https://openalex.org/W1986475174","https://openalex.org/W1995262888","https://openalex.org/W1998548536","https://openalex.org/W1999817920","https://openalex.org/W2000672666","https://openalex.org/W2000826169","https://openalex.org/W2002306339","https://openalex.org/W2002388301","https://openalex.org/W2012161809","https://openalex.org/W2034927834","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2064522604","https://openalex.org/W2066343754","https://openalex.org/W2082130842","https://openalex.org/W2098876286","https://openalex.org/W2105106523","https://openalex.org/W2114535528","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2123198781","https://openalex.org/W2139273454","https://openalex.org/W2149684865","https://openalex.org/W2155540986","https://openalex.org/W2162993204","https://openalex.org/W2164547069","https://openalex.org/W2189067371","https://openalex.org/W2768581363","https://openalex.org/W2797692640","https://openalex.org/W2999060954","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W4251560691","https://openalex.org/W4296980202","https://openalex.org/W6684151790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W3125756434","https://openalex.org/W2901901036","https://openalex.org/W1560919561","https://openalex.org/W2006459955","https://openalex.org/W2041106684","https://openalex.org/W2072123157","https://openalex.org/W2150741898","https://openalex.org/W906795786","https://openalex.org/W2395027054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,33,109],"propose":[1],"a":[2,6,28,35,41,87,101,129],"methodology":[3,99,114],"for":[4,86],"building":[5],"robust":[7],"query":[8,16,25],"classification":[9,104],"system":[10],"that":[11,97,111],"can":[12],"identify":[13],"thousands":[14],"of":[15,27,61,77,79,90,120],"classes,":[17],"while":[18],"dealing":[19],"in":[20,83],"real":[21],"time":[22],"with":[23],"the":[24,49,55,59,72,75,112],"volume":[26],"commercial":[29],"Web":[30,50],"search":[31,51,62,91],"engine.":[32],"use":[34],"pseudo":[36],"relevance":[37],"feedback":[38],"technique:":[39],"given":[40],"query,":[42],"we":[43,64],"determine":[44],"its":[45],"topic":[46],"by":[47,54,58],"classifying":[48],"results":[52],"retrieved":[53],"query.":[56],"Motivated":[57],"needs":[60],"advertising,":[63],"primarily":[65],"focus":[66],"on":[67],"rare":[68,124],"queries,":[69],"which":[70],"are":[71],"hardest":[73],"from":[74],"point":[76],"view":[78],"machine":[80],"learning,":[81],"yet":[82],"aggregate":[84],"account":[85],"considerable":[88],"fraction":[89],"engine":[92],"traffic.":[93],"Empirical":[94],"evaluation":[95],"confirms":[96],"our":[98],"yields":[100],"considerably":[102],"higher":[103],"accuracy":[105],"than":[106],"previously":[107],"reported.":[108],"believe":[110],"proposed":[113],"will":[115],"lead":[116],"to":[117,123,128],"better":[118,130],"matching":[119],"online":[121],"ads":[122],"queries":[125],"and":[126],"overall":[127],"user":[131],"experience.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}