{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163805454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1508128.1508145","title":"A 17ps time-to-digital converter implemented in 65nm FPGA technology","display_name":"A 17ps time-to-digital converter implemented in 65nm FPGA technology","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163805454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1508128.1508145","mag":"2163805454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1508128.1508145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1508128.1508145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/139431","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043694654","display_name":"Claudio Favi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-0731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Favi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026782847","display_name":"Edoardo Charbon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0620-3365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Charbon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99018336,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"113","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6992692351341248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6975676417350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","score":0.5131641030311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4951404631137848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4693126678466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.4636223614215851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.439674973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4189332127571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34246158599853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23573309183120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.18348142504692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1758556067943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.1595247983932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12848851084709167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.10536724328994751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6992692351341248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6975676417350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99594498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434524","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","level":4,"score":0.5131641030311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4951404631137848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4693126678466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.4636223614215851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.439674973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4189332127571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34246158599853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23573309183120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.18348142504692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1758556067943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.1595247983932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12848851084709167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.10536724328994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1508128.1508145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1508128.1508145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:139431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/139431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:139431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/139431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165072113","https://openalex.org/W1550019446","https://openalex.org/W1551550347","https://openalex.org/W1975105067","https://openalex.org/W1982445074","https://openalex.org/W2018733874","https://openalex.org/W2047710675","https://openalex.org/W2074082047","https://openalex.org/W2087531654","https://openalex.org/W2089557579","https://openalex.org/W2096548483","https://openalex.org/W2097562675","https://openalex.org/W2109553293","https://openalex.org/W2114903100","https://openalex.org/W2120570739","https://openalex.org/W2126008551","https://openalex.org/W2147196983","https://openalex.org/W2165547580","https://openalex.org/W2166957905","https://openalex.org/W2188838890","https://openalex.org/W2546455177","https://openalex.org/W2555253653","https://openalex.org/W3100102823","https://openalex.org/W6672302176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W2901028619","https://openalex.org/W2831860248","https://openalex.org/W2605672202","https://openalex.org/W3195700791","https://openalex.org/W2905193124","https://openalex.org/W2361615631","https://openalex.org/W2904912720","https://openalex.org/W2790282971","https://openalex.org/W2059944403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,104],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,16,21,31,37,46,51,60,72,82,91,116,123,135],"new":[4],"architecture":[5],"for":[6,108,134],"time-to-digital":[7,40],"conversion":[8,22,83],"enabling":[9],"time":[11,48,79,142],"resolution":[12],"of":[13,18,24,36,56,63,68,85,90,131,137],"17ps":[14],"over":[15],"range":[17],"50ns":[19],"with":[20,76],"rate":[23,84],"20MS/s.":[25],"The":[26,43,99],"proposed":[27,101],"architecture,":[28],"implemented":[29],"in":[30,102],"65nm":[32],"FPGA":[33],"system,":[34],"consists":[35],"pipelined":[38,73],"interpolating":[39,74],"converter":[41],"(TDC).":[42],"TDC":[44,75],"comprises":[45],"coarse":[47],"discriminator":[49],"and":[50,111],"fine":[52],"delay":[53],"line,":[54],"capable":[55],"sustained":[57],"operation":[58],"at":[59,87],"clock":[61],"frequency":[62],"300MHz.":[64],"A":[65],"Turbo":[66],"version":[67],"the":[69,88,129,132],"circuit":[70],"implements":[71],"suppressed":[77],"dead":[78],"to":[80],"reach":[81],"300MS/s":[86],"expense":[89],"systematic":[92],"asymmetry":[93],"that":[94],"requires":[95],"fast":[96],"error":[97],"correction.":[98],"TDCs":[100],"this":[103],"can":[105],"be":[106],"compensated":[107],"process,":[109],"voltage,":[110],"temperature":[112],"(PVT)":[113],"variations":[114],"using":[115],"conventional":[117],"charge":[118],"pump":[119],"based":[120],"feedback":[121],"or":[122],"digital":[124],"calibration":[125],"technique.":[126],"Results":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"suitability":[130],"approach":[133],"variety":[136],"applications":[138],"involving":[139],"high-precision":[140],"ultra-fast":[141],"discrimination,":[143],"such":[144],"as":[145],"optical":[146],"lifetime":[147],"sensing,":[148],"time-of-flight":[149],"cameras,":[150],"high":[151],"throughput":[152],"comlinks,":[153],"RADARs,":[154],"etc.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
