{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078995517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1501434.1501471","title":"Is workplace surveillance legal in Canada?","display_name":"Is workplace surveillance legal in Canada?","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078995517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1501434.1501471","mag":"2078995517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1501434.1501471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1501434.1501471","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust: Bridge the Gap Between PST Technologies and Business Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065825741","display_name":"Avner Levin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avner Levin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065825741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2777657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12921","display_name":"European Criminal Justice and Data Protection","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12921","display_name":"European Criminal Justice and Data Protection","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.8185999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.7586260437965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.6244988441467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.501765251159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-surveillance","display_name":"Electronic surveillance","score":0.4892086982727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4887540340423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4358658790588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3667607307434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.30705034732818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23745644092559814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7586260437965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6244988441467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.501765251159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909731529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334401","display_name":"Electronic surveillance","level":2,"score":0.4892086982727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4887540340423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4358658790588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3667607307434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30705034732818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23745644092559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1501434.1501471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1501434.1501471","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust: Bridge the Gap Between PST Technologies and Business Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126081952","https://openalex.org/W3144817823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584827882","https://openalex.org/W2538581760","https://openalex.org/W3195097297","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W3038106605","https://openalex.org/W2513267613","https://openalex.org/W3049084372","https://openalex.org/W2528109871","https://openalex.org/W2940702331","https://openalex.org/W2905822832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,29],"reports":[2],"on":[3],"the":[4,20,31,52,62],"results":[5],"of":[6,24,33],"a":[7],"research":[8],"project":[9],"into":[10],"employer":[11],"practices":[12],"with":[13,66],"respect":[14],"to":[15,43],"workplace":[16,57],"privacy,":[17],"funded":[18],"by":[19,38,61],"Federal":[21],"Privacy":[22],"Commissioner":[23],"Canada's":[25],"Contributions":[26],"Program.":[27],"The":[28],"discusses":[30,51],"variety":[32],"privacy":[34],"invasive":[35],"technologies":[36],"used":[37],"Canadian":[39],"Employers":[40],"in":[41,78],"order":[42],"survey":[44],"and":[45,64,70],"monitor":[46],"their":[47],"workers.":[48],"It":[49],"then":[50],"legal":[53],"basis":[54],"for":[55],"such":[56,74],"surveillance":[58,75],"as":[59],"perceived":[60],"employers,":[63],"concludes":[65],"an":[67],"assessment":[68],"whether,":[69],"under":[71],"what":[72],"circumstances,":[73],"is":[76],"lawful":[77],"Canada.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
