{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008222194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500412.1500489","title":"Database programming with data abstractions","display_name":"Database programming with data abstractions","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008222194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500412.1500489","mag":"2008222194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500412.1500489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500412.1500489","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference on - AFIPS '81","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069566338","display_name":"B. M. Leavenworth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Burt Leavenworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Corporation, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York","IBM Corporation, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corporation, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corporation, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069566338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72185115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"537","last_page":"537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8860745429992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6877610683441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5733779668807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-manipulation-language","display_name":"Data manipulation language","score":0.5322997570037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-definition-language","display_name":"Data definition language","score":0.527447521686554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.5227848887443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5095775127410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-design","display_name":"Database design","score":0.4795084297657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-control-language","display_name":"Data control language","score":0.4540073573589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.44310736656188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/view","display_name":"View","score":0.4156285226345062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.23668333888053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2183663249015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-by-example","display_name":"Query by Example","score":0.1301266849040985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8860745429992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6877610683441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5733779668807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56288433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58673","display_name":"Data manipulation language","level":2,"score":0.5322997570037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55596503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431648","display_name":"Data definition language","level":3,"score":0.527447521686554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.5227848887443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5095775127410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148840519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049878","display_name":"Database design","level":2,"score":0.4795084297657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32977378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604737","display_name":"Data control language","level":5,"score":0.4540073573589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.44310736656188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54239708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329910","display_name":"View","level":3,"score":0.4156285226345062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.23668333888053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2183663249015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.1301266849040985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500412.1500489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500412.1500489","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference on - AFIPS '81","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168800062","https://openalex.org/W1509857430","https://openalex.org/W2002978644","https://openalex.org/W2013012235","https://openalex.org/W2073544767","https://openalex.org/W2118252041","https://openalex.org/W2147869465","https://openalex.org/W2168787502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548279772","https://openalex.org/W3196679839","https://openalex.org/W2344349452","https://openalex.org/W2036832324","https://openalex.org/W644450836","https://openalex.org/W3116557709","https://openalex.org/W4378191824","https://openalex.org/W275517711","https://openalex.org/W2090187179","https://openalex.org/W2031915568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"how":[3],"a":[4,19,36,42,105],"general":[5],"purpose":[6],"programming":[7,101],"language":[8,24,71],"supporting":[9],"the":[10,48,68,76,90,94],"notion":[11],"of":[12,67,78,89],"data":[13,20,38,59,69],"abstraction":[14,70],"can":[15],"be":[16],"used":[17,31],"as":[18],"definition":[21],"and":[22,40,82,108],"manipulation":[23,80],"for":[25],"database":[26,43,79,100],"management":[27],"systems.":[28],"The":[29,63,87],"examples":[30],"here":[32],"are":[33,72],"based":[34],"on":[35,41],"functional":[37],"model":[39,60],"system":[44],"called":[45],"NDB.":[46],"However,":[47],"approach":[49,91],"is":[50,92],"not":[51],"limited":[52],"to":[53,75],"or":[54,61],"biased":[55],"towards":[56],"any":[57],"particular":[58],"architecture.":[62],"strong":[64],"typing":[65],"properties":[66],"carried":[73],"over":[74],"realm":[77],"operations":[81],"provide":[83],"useful":[84],"consistency":[85],"checking.":[86],"advantage":[88],"that":[93],"user":[95],"deals":[96],"with":[97],"but":[98],"one":[99],"language,":[102],"thereby":[103],"avoiding":[104],"separate":[106],"query":[107],"host":[109],"language.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}