{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074035133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499949.1500081","title":"Innovations in the operation of future computers","display_name":"Innovations in the operation of future computers","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074035133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499949.1500081","mag":"2074035133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1499949.1500081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499949.1500081","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1975, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083989606","display_name":"Frederic G. Withington","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149290949","display_name":"Arthur D. Little (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ddan440","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149290949"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frederic G. Withington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge. Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149290949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge. Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149290949"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083989606"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149290949"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25277596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"633","last_page":"633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.34139999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.34139999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.674686074256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6601499319076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6316812634468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5726114511489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deck","display_name":"Deck","score":0.552812933921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/batch-processing","display_name":"Batch processing","score":0.4553868770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.44216716289520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4206911623477936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.32708829641342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22717538475990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14600825309753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12211710214614868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.674686074256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6601499319076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6316812634468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5726114511489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778966251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208123","display_name":"Deck","level":2,"score":0.552812933921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172658912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661613","display_name":"Batch processing","level":2,"score":0.4553868770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.44216716289520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4206911623477936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.32708829641342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22717538475990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14600825309753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12211710214614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1499949.1500081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499949.1500081","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1975, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '75","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W1985458517","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W3031039437","https://openalex.org/W183202219","https://openalex.org/W3095877357","https://openalex.org/W2072565696","https://openalex.org/W10861731","https://openalex.org/W651663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Not":[0],"many":[1],"years":[2],"ago":[3],"the":[4,21,32,39,42,47,56,66,89,92],"standard":[5],"way":[6],"of":[7,87],"operating":[8],"computers":[9],"was":[10],"in":[11,46,60],"a":[12,61,68,72],"single":[13],"stream":[14],"batch":[15],"mode.":[16],"The":[17,52],"operator":[18,57,67],"completely":[19],"controlled":[20],"computer":[22],"resource,":[23],"setting":[24],"up":[25],"each":[26],"job":[27],"before":[28],"its":[29],"initiation,":[30],"mounting":[31],"appropriate":[33,43],"tapes":[34,76],"and":[35,49,75,79],"I/O":[36],"media,":[37],"initializing":[38],"machine,":[40],"putting":[41],"program":[44],"deck":[45,74],"cardreader":[48],"so":[50],"forth.":[51],"user":[53],"interacted":[54],"with":[55],"most":[58],"often":[59],"\"closed":[62],"shop\"":[63],"mode,":[64],"giving":[65],"run":[69],"request":[70],"from":[71],"card":[73],"as":[77],"needed,":[78],"leaving":[80],"it":[81],"to":[82,84,91],"him":[83],"take":[85],"care":[86],"applying":[88],"resources":[90],"job.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
