{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998423177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499799.1499842","title":"From text to structured information","display_name":"From text to structured information","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998423177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499799.1499842","mag":"1998423177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1499799.1499842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499799.1499842","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the June 7-10, 1976, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '76","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068115280","display_name":"Lynette Hirschman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8442-0720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lynette Hirschman","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, New York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004580149","display_name":"Ralph Grishman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Grishman","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, New York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003909439","display_name":"Naomi Sager","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naomi Sager","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, New York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068115280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94893473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"267","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8580433130264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7942744493484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7162129878997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6882808208465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disk-formatting","display_name":"Disk formatting","score":0.6351134777069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6309962868690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5262503027915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4937179982662201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.48565399646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraphrase","display_name":"Paraphrase","score":0.45899254083633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4504948854446411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-processing","display_name":"Text processing","score":0.4393371641635895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.37072497606277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.32478582859039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17865648865699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17790332436561584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8580433130264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7942744493484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7162129878997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6882808208465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88006597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690117","display_name":"Disk formatting","level":2,"score":0.6351134777069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6309962868690491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5262503027915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4937179982662201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.48565399646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780922921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255189","display_name":"Paraphrase","level":2,"score":0.45899254083633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4504948854446411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779500292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14802672","display_name":"Text processing","level":2,"score":0.4393371641635895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.37072497606277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.32478582859039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17865648865699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17790332436561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1499799.1499842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499799.1499842","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the June 7-10, 1976, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '76","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W298078932","https://openalex.org/W1482795654","https://openalex.org/W1972112851","https://openalex.org/W1986803784","https://openalex.org/W2015946863","https://openalex.org/W2052690453","https://openalex.org/W2053002922","https://openalex.org/W2064612869","https://openalex.org/W2119794571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W191017350","https://openalex.org/W4206666510","https://openalex.org/W2293063786","https://openalex.org/W2911292476","https://openalex.org/W1985156190","https://openalex.org/W2074476898","https://openalex.org/W588635796","https://openalex.org/W2124141944","https://openalex.org/W1974289590","https://openalex.org/W270040474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,202],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,29,32,51,58,68,81,87,91,94,108,114,117,124,146,150,160,163,166,169,178,189],"analysis":[4,76],"and":[5,90,152],"processing":[6,43,111],"programs":[7,27,112,196],"for":[8,39,67,100],"a":[9,16,35,63,73,78,154,175,198,208,213],"set":[10,61,155],"of":[11,46,57,80,93,103,110,116,149,156,162,168,193],"natural":[12,209],"language":[13,210],"texts":[14],"in":[15,31,130,173,188],"medical":[17],"area":[18],"(x-ray":[19],"reports":[20],"on":[21,50,77],"patients":[22],"with":[23,123],"breast":[24],"cancer).":[25],"The":[26,191],"convert":[28,207],"information":[30,42,98],"text":[33],"into":[34,165,212],"tabular":[36,64],"form":[37,65,92,148],"suitable":[38],"further":[40],"automatic":[41],"(e.g.,":[44],"editing":[45],"records,":[47],"question":[48],"answering":[49],"data":[52,215],"collected,":[53],"or":[54,171],"statistical":[55],"summaries":[56],"data).":[59],"To":[60],"up":[62],"appropriate":[66],"data,":[69],"we":[70,85],"first":[71],"perform":[72],"manual":[74],"linguistic":[75],"sample":[79],"texts.":[82,118],"From":[83],"this":[84,101],"obtain":[86,133],"word":[88],"classes":[89],"table":[95],"(called":[96],"an":[97],"format)":[99],"type":[102],"material.":[104],"We":[105],"then":[106,142],"apply":[107],"series":[109],"to":[113,132,144,183,197,206],"sentences":[115],"Each":[119],"sentence":[120,164,179],"is":[121,180],"parsed":[122],"Linguistic":[125],"String":[126],"Parser":[127],"English":[128,139],"grammar":[129],"order":[131],"its":[134,186],"grammatical":[135,147],"structure;":[136],"certain":[137],"standard":[138],"transformations":[158],"are":[141,200],"applied":[143],"regularize":[145],"sentence;":[151],"finally":[153],"formatting":[157],"map":[159],"words":[161],"slots":[167],"format":[170],"table,":[172],"such":[174],"way":[176],"that":[177],"reconstructible":[181],"(up":[182],"paraphrase)":[184],"from":[185],"representation":[187],"table.":[190],"results":[192],"applying":[194],"these":[195],"corpus":[199,211],"described.":[201],"procedure":[203],"enables":[204],"us":[205],"structured":[214],"base.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
