{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964790622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479188","title":"Computers and National Security","display_name":"Computers and National Security","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964790622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479188","mag":"1964790622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1479064.1479188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479188","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1479064.1479188","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 16-18, 1972, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '72 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1479064.1479188","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073149941","display_name":"Edwin W. Paxson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. W. Paxson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California","The Rand Corporation; Santa Monica, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Rand Corporation; Santa Monica, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073149941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1097314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"677","last_page":"677"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.8956999778747559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.8956999778747559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.8587999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.807699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.624424159526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4389207065105438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"National security","score":0.41945844888687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1729162335395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.05923303961753845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.624424159526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4389207065105438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.41945844888687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1729162335395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.05923303961753845}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1479064.1479188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479188","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1479064.1479188","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 16-18, 1972, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '72 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1479064.1479188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479188","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1479064.1479188","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 16-18, 1972, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '72 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1964790622.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1964790622.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"digital":[1],"computer":[2,15],"was":[3],"spawned":[4],"by":[5],"World":[6],"War":[7],"II.":[8],"Military":[9],"requirements":[10],"have":[11,23],"continued":[12],"to":[13,56],"pace":[14],"development.":[16],"Computer":[17],"technology":[18],"and":[19,35,58],"weapon":[20,32],"system":[21],"sophistication":[22],"marched":[24],"in":[25],"tandem.":[26],"Neither":[27],"has":[28],"dominated,":[29],"but":[30],"current":[31,48],"systems,":[33],"operations,":[34],"management":[36],"are":[37,54],"impossible":[38],"without":[39],"the":[40,46,62],"computer.":[41],"Almost":[42],"90":[43],"percent":[44],"of":[45,50,66,73],"Government's":[47],"stock":[49],"5000":[51],"plus":[52],"computers":[53],"devoted":[55],"defense":[57],"space":[59],"activities,":[60],"reversing":[61],"civilian":[63],"use":[64],"pattern":[65],"at":[67],"least":[68],"ten":[69],"times":[70],"that":[71],"number":[72],"machines.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}