{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084444083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479114","title":"The \"single-assignment\" approach to parallel processing","display_name":"The \"single-assignment\" approach to parallel processing","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084444083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479114","mag":"2084444083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1479064.1479114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479114","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1479064.1479114","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 16-18, 1972, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '72 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1479064.1479114","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033149151","display_name":"Donald D. Chamberlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald D. Chamberlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033149151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8216,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8943662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"263","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8569060564041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniprocessor-system","display_name":"Uniprocessor system","score":0.8523163795471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7484086751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.594816267490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-processing","display_name":"Parallel processing","score":0.5569140911102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5441322326660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.46857666969299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.4455307126045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4328383803367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4034266173839569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessing","display_name":"Multiprocessing","score":0.23518267273902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23355862498283386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8569060564041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79189994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3488021","display_name":"Uniprocessor system","level":3,"score":0.8523163795471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7484086751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.594816267490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106515295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26806595","display_name":"Parallel processing","level":2,"score":0.5569140911102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5441322326660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46857666969299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4455307126045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4328383803367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4034266173839569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4822641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846651","display_name":"Multiprocessing","level":2,"score":0.23518267273902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23355862498283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1479064.1479114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479114","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1479064.1479114","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 16-18, 1972, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '72 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1479064.1479114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479114","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1479064.1479114","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 16-18, 1972, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '72 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2084444083.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2084444083.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978498202","https://openalex.org/W1984062223","https://openalex.org/W2013259664","https://openalex.org/W2087028564","https://openalex.org/W2462810052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089428898","https://openalex.org/W2119024804","https://openalex.org/W2989726455","https://openalex.org/W2155549897","https://openalex.org/W207411050","https://openalex.org/W2290623736","https://openalex.org/W2212452484","https://openalex.org/W1508264512","https://openalex.org/W4235877914","https://openalex.org/W1926811146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parallel":[0],"processing":[1,105,140],"systems---computer":[2],"systems":[3,17,57,72],"in":[4,18,77,87,106,109,139],"which":[5],"more":[6],"than":[7],"one":[8],"processor":[9],"is":[10,115],"active":[11,136],"simultaneously---offer":[12],"potential":[13],"advantages":[14],"over":[15],"uniprocessor":[16],"terms":[19],"of":[20,26,33,64,130],"speed,":[21],"flexibility,":[22],"reliability,":[23],"and":[24],"economies":[25],"scale.":[27],"However,":[28],"they":[29],"pose":[30],"the":[31,67,80,89],"problem":[32,45],"how":[34],"multiple":[35],"processors":[36,81,90],"can":[37],"be":[38,97],"organized":[39],"to":[40,53,61,66,96],"cooperate":[41],"on":[42,117],"a":[43,59,110,118,123,141],"given":[44],"without":[46],"interference.":[47],"Various":[48],"solutions":[49],"have":[50],"been":[51],"proposed":[52],"this":[54,74],"problem.":[55],"Some":[56],"require":[58],"programmer":[60],"assign":[62],"units":[63],"work":[65],"various":[68],"processors,":[69,134],"while":[70,86],"other":[71],"perform":[73],"assignment":[75],"automatically;":[76],"some":[78],"systems,":[79],"are":[82,91],"linked":[83],"closely":[84],"together,":[85],"others":[88],"nearly":[92],"independent.":[93],"The":[94,127],"system":[95,128],"described":[98],"here":[99],"automatically":[100],"detects":[101],"opportunities":[102],"for":[103],"parallel":[104],"programs":[107],"written":[108],"specific,":[111],"high-level":[112],"language.":[113],"Parallelism":[114],"detected":[116],"very":[119],"low":[120],"level---even":[121],"within":[122],"single":[124,142],"algebraic":[125],"expression.":[126],"consists":[129],"many":[131],"independent,":[132],"asynchronous":[133],"all":[135],"at":[137],"once":[138],"program.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}