{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161000307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476900","title":"Graphics in time-sharing","display_name":"Graphics in time-sharing","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161000307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476900","mag":"2161000307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476793.1476900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 14-16, 1969, spring joint computer conference on XX - AFIPS '69 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060249834","display_name":"William R. Sutherland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William R. Sutherland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038407011","display_name":"James W. Forgie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James W. Forgie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088966670","display_name":"Marie V. Morello","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie V. Morello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keydata Associates, Watertown, Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keydata Associates, Watertown, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060249834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95734817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"629","last_page":"629"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9259999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7550588846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.632911205291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5041776895523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-sharing","display_name":"Time-sharing","score":0.5006029605865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18701636791229248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7550588846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.632911205291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5041776895523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38725249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913876","display_name":"Time-sharing","level":2,"score":0.5006029605865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18701636791229248}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476793.1476900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 14-16, 1969, spring joint computer conference on XX - AFIPS '69 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54888571","https://openalex.org/W129716384","https://openalex.org/W246215747","https://openalex.org/W1981080013","https://openalex.org/W1997211271","https://openalex.org/W2003703677","https://openalex.org/W2031059529","https://openalex.org/W2036268086","https://openalex.org/W2057240051","https://openalex.org/W2071757188","https://openalex.org/W2073657227","https://openalex.org/W2080185530","https://openalex.org/W2113348448","https://openalex.org/W2116393986","https://openalex.org/W2121169094","https://openalex.org/W2125626255","https://openalex.org/W2132233302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066703180","https://openalex.org/W856338413","https://openalex.org/W74297911","https://openalex.org/W82290398","https://openalex.org/W2381296300","https://openalex.org/W4251518457","https://openalex.org/W4245723629","https://openalex.org/W2393062505","https://openalex.org/W2336873076","https://openalex.org/W601751418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,77],"TX-2":[1,32],"computer,":[2],"an":[3,20,147],"experimental":[4],"machine":[5],"at":[6],"the":[7,31,73,92,96,109,125],"M.I.T.":[8],"Lincoln":[9],"Laboratory,":[10],"has":[11,113],"been":[12],"in":[13,135,159],"operation":[14],"for":[15,30,104],"almost":[16],"10":[17],"years":[18],"as":[19,89],"on-line,":[21],"graphically":[22],"oriented":[23],"facility.":[24],"In":[25],"1964,":[26],"a":[27,41,64,85,139],"time-sharing":[28],"system":[29,112],"was":[33,38,101],"started.":[34],"This":[35,144],"system,":[36],"APEX,":[37],"to":[39,56,72,80,149],"service":[40],"small":[42],"number":[43],"of":[44,95,118,129],"consoles":[45],"with":[46,91],"graphic":[47,106,111],"display":[48,87,119],"capability.":[49],"To":[50],"achieve":[51],"hardware":[52,120],"economy,":[53],"displays":[54,78,130],"were":[55,79],"be":[57,81],"refreshed":[58,82,131],"from":[59,84,132,156],"main":[60,136],"core":[61,137],"memory":[62],"through":[63,115],"time-shared":[65,140],"vector":[66],"generator":[67,141],"providing":[68],"analog":[69],"signals":[70],"distributed":[71],"individual":[74],"console":[75],"scopes.":[76],"directly":[83],"structured":[86,133],"file":[88],"experience":[90,158],"Sketchpad":[93],"developments":[94],"early":[97],"1960's":[98],"had":[99],"indicated":[100],"highly":[102],"desirable":[103],"interactive":[105],"applications.":[107],"Although":[108],"APEX":[110],"evolved":[114],"several":[116],"generations":[117],"and":[121,151,161],"corresponding":[122],"software":[123],"changes,":[124],"initial":[126],"design":[127],"principles":[128],"information":[134],"by":[138],"have":[142],"remained.":[143],"paper":[145],"is":[146],"attempt":[148],"collect":[150],"evaluate":[152],"some":[153],"lessons":[154],"learned":[155],"our":[157],"developing":[160],"using":[162],"this":[163],"system.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
