{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169717544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476855","title":"A systematic approach to the development of system programs","display_name":"A systematic approach to the development of system programs","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169717544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476855","mag":"2169717544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476793.1476855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 14-16, 1969, spring joint computer conference on XX - AFIPS '69 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073566161","display_name":"F. M. Trapnell","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. M. Trapnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qandac Associates Limited, Zug, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qandac Associates Limited, Zug, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073566161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4899,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97977133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"411","last_page":"411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.9545530676841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6583181619644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.566810131072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","score":0.4863203465938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.4304257929325104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.39028793573379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1481092870235443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1276615560054779}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.9545530676841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6583181619644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.566810131072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4863203465938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4304257929325104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.39028793573379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1481092870235443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1276615560054779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476793.1476855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 14-16, 1969, spring joint computer conference on XX - AFIPS '69 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076397927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2726467123","https://openalex.org/W2064726690","https://openalex.org/W4252678288","https://openalex.org/W1607297154","https://openalex.org/W4210820789","https://openalex.org/W2913177154","https://openalex.org/W4237782192","https://openalex.org/W4235131201","https://openalex.org/W2053009356","https://openalex.org/W2794793914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"brief":[1],"history":[2],"of":[3,6,30,48],"the":[4,31,79],"development":[5],"large":[7],"programming":[8],"systems":[9],"shows":[10],"a":[11,45],"persistent":[12],"inability":[13],"to":[14,27,60,68,71,89],"predict":[15],"cost":[16],"and":[17,33],"time":[18],"associated":[19],"with":[20],"it.":[21],"For":[22],"this":[23],"reason":[24],"I":[25,50,75],"want":[26],"discuss":[28],"some":[29],"principles":[32,56,80],"practice":[34],"which":[35],"experience":[36],"(either":[37],"good":[38],"or":[39,62],"bad)":[40],"has":[41],"shown":[42],"can":[43,86],"yield":[44],"higher":[46],"level":[47],"predictability.":[49],"do":[51,65,76],"not":[52,66],"pretend":[53],"that":[54,63,78,84],"these":[55],"are":[57,81,93],"always":[58],"easy":[59],"apply":[61],"they":[64,92],"have":[67],"be":[69,87],"interpreted":[70],"particular":[72],"situations.":[73],"However,":[74],"believe":[77],"fundamental":[82],"in":[83],"predictability":[85],"guaranteed":[88],"increase":[90],"if":[91],"followed.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
