{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093486931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476661","title":"Data structures and techniques for remote computer graphics","display_name":"Data structures and techniques for remote computer graphics","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093486931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476661","mag":"2093486931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476589.1476661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I on - AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070693365","display_name":"Ira W. Cotton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ira W. Cotton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sperry Rand Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Sperry Rand Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sperry Rand Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sperry Rand Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004446390","display_name":"Frank S. Greatorex","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank S. Greatorex","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adams Associates, Bedford, Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adams Associates, Bedford, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070693365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2805,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98477157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"533","last_page":"533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9174000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8256664276123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.7313041090965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-multitasking","display_name":"Computer multitasking","score":0.7115581631660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.6286520957946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6027808785438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5746691226959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5308067798614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-sharing","display_name":"Time-sharing","score":0.5266758799552917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computer-graphics","display_name":"Real-time computer graphics","score":0.5236582159996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2d-computer-graphics","display_name":"2D computer graphics","score":0.4943535327911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-graphics","display_name":"Vector graphics","score":0.47491276264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cathode-ray-tube","display_name":"Cathode ray tube","score":0.46681830286979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-software","display_name":"Graphics software","score":0.4146652817726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.3292510211467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20035651326179504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8256664276123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.7313041090965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154556556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192969","display_name":"Computer multitasking","level":2,"score":0.7115581631660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.6286520957946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6027808785438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5746691226959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5308067798614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38725249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913876","display_name":"Time-sharing","level":2,"score":0.5266758799552917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537207887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2816483","display_name":"Real-time computer graphics","level":4,"score":0.5236582159996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75453227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194763","display_name":"2D computer graphics","level":5,"score":0.4943535327911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59662460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170130","display_name":"Vector graphics","level":3,"score":0.47491276264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51466007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83913","display_name":"Cathode ray tube","level":2,"score":0.46681830286979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199016294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868410","display_name":"Graphics software","level":3,"score":0.4146652817726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.3292510211467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20035651326179504}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476589.1476661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I on - AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27871098","https://openalex.org/W1976394083","https://openalex.org/W1998207605","https://openalex.org/W2002654044","https://openalex.org/W2016876726","https://openalex.org/W2052981267","https://openalex.org/W2132233302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W53883674","https://openalex.org/W653854970","https://openalex.org/W2390548926","https://openalex.org/W4225788857","https://openalex.org/W3211654326","https://openalex.org/W3214279542","https://openalex.org/W605333616","https://openalex.org/W2391990913","https://openalex.org/W2770472682","https://openalex.org/W2093486931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1,24],"been":[2],"adequately":[3],"demonstrated":[4],"that":[5,113],"computer":[6,18,53,100],"graphics":[7,23,54],"systems":[8],"need":[9],"not":[10],"require":[11],"the":[12,26,41,84,90,94,98,107,126,132,139],"dedication":[13],"of":[14,28,104,114,124,128],"a":[15,49,61,68,79,129],"large":[16],"scale":[17],"for":[19,60,67,83,118],"their":[20],"operation.":[21],"Computer":[22],"followed":[25],"trends":[27],"computing":[29],"in":[30,47,138],"general,":[31],"where":[32],"remote":[33],"access,":[34],"time":[35,70,81,92],"sharing,":[36],"and":[37,123],"multiprogramming":[38],"have":[39],"become":[40],"key":[42],"phrases.":[43],"The":[44,73],"problems":[45,110],"involved":[46],"providing":[48,115],"remotely":[50],"accessed,":[51],"interactive":[52],"system":[55],"are":[56,106],"more":[57],"formidable":[58],"than":[59,66],"dedicated":[62],"system,":[63],"or":[64],"even":[65],"local":[69],"shared":[71],"system.":[72],"requirement":[74],"is":[75],"basically":[76],"to":[77,135],"obtain":[78],"real":[80],"response":[82],"display":[85],"console":[86],"operator,":[87],"while":[88],"at":[89],"same":[91],"minimizing":[93],"overhead":[95],"imposed":[96],"on":[97,131],"central":[99],"facilities.":[101],"Also":[102],"present,":[103],"course,":[105],"classic":[108],"graphical":[109],"such":[111],"as":[112],"refresh":[116],"data":[117,140],"cathode":[119],"ray":[120],"tube":[121,133],"displays,":[122],"relating":[125],"appearances":[127],"picture":[130],"face":[134],"its":[136],"description":[137],"structure.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
