{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024449400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476607","title":"Multiprogramming","display_name":"Multiprogramming","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024449400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476607","mag":"2024449400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476589.1476607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476607","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1476589.1476607","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I on - AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1476589.1476607","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087225705","display_name":"Thomas B. Steel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B. Steel","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California","System Development Corporation , Santa Monica, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Development Corporation , Santa Monica, California","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087225705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.51939925,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79556898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"99","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.8601999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.8601999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8442000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.8309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-multitasking","display_name":"Computer multitasking","score":0.9853171110153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8396400809288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.6390515565872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.49036073684692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4847666621208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-sharing","display_name":"Time-sharing","score":0.48270487785339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-multitasking","display_name":"Human multitasking","score":0.4401061534881592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154556556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192969","display_name":"Computer multitasking","level":2,"score":0.9853171110153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8396400809288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.6390515565872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49036073684692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4847666621208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38725249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913876","display_name":"Time-sharing","level":2,"score":0.48270487785339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107418235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520565","display_name":"Human multitasking","level":2,"score":0.4401061534881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476589.1476607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476607","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1476589.1476607","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I on - AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1476589.1476607","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476589.1476607","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1476589.1476607","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I on - AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2024449400.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2024449400.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142677069","https://openalex.org/W2013219648","https://openalex.org/W2031588839","https://openalex.org/W2044703812","https://openalex.org/W2069907222","https://openalex.org/W2075733982","https://openalex.org/W2078438699","https://openalex.org/W2082852522","https://openalex.org/W2090278075","https://openalex.org/W2123533505","https://openalex.org/W2127329704","https://openalex.org/W2134138865","https://openalex.org/W2135373504","https://openalex.org/W2145617683","https://openalex.org/W2166444280","https://openalex.org/W2166908615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059881462","https://openalex.org/W2185180710","https://openalex.org/W1908074842","https://openalex.org/W183830214","https://openalex.org/W3207987878","https://openalex.org/W2054106156","https://openalex.org/W2044703812","https://openalex.org/W1557660342","https://openalex.org/W119189855","https://openalex.org/W3037861598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\"Multiprogramming\"":[0],"is":[1,93],"the":[2,6,13,33,37,62,71,111],"label":[3],"given":[4,17],"to":[5,30,76,89,95,116],"concept":[7],"of":[8,12,15,35,40,53,80,108],"a":[9,16,65,86],"dynamic":[10],"sharing":[11,79],"resources":[14],"computer":[18],"system":[19,28,99],"among":[20,82,110],"two":[21],"or":[22,46],"more":[23,54],"programs.":[24,43],"An":[25],"operating":[26,98],"multiprogramming":[27,115],"presents":[29],"external":[31],"observers":[32],"appearance":[34],"effecting":[36],"concurrent":[38],"execution":[39,69,92],"several":[41,83,112],"object":[42],"There":[44,103],"may":[45,47],"not":[48],"be":[49,61,105],"truly":[50],"simultaneous":[51],"operation":[52],"than":[55],"one":[56],"program,":[57],"but":[58],"it":[59],"will":[60],"case":[63],"that":[64],"second":[66],"program":[67,73],"begins":[68],"before":[70],"first":[72],"has":[74],"run":[75],"completion.":[77],"Simple":[78],"storage":[81],"programs":[84,113],"in":[85],"systematic":[87],"way":[88],"facilitate":[90],"serial":[91],"insufficient":[94],"qualify":[96],"an":[97,106],"as":[100],"incorporating":[101],"multiprogramming.":[102],"must":[104],"oscillation":[107],"control":[109],"for":[114],"come":[117],"into":[118],"play.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
