{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974199790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464291.1464336","title":"Toward a cooperative network of time-shared computers","display_name":"Toward a cooperative network of time-shared computers","publication_year":1966,"publication_date":"1966-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974199790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464291.1464336","mag":"1974199790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1464291.1464336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464291.1464336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the November 7-10, 1966, fall joint computer conference on XX - AFIPS '66 (Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051266788","display_name":"Thomas Marill","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Marill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Corporation of America, Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Corporation of America, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012229757","display_name":"Lawrence G. Roberts","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence G. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts","MIT/Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT/Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051266788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94292653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"425","last_page":"425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7789314985275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6663657426834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-sharing","display_name":"Time-sharing","score":0.614436686038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3632515072822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2600386142730713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7789314985275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6663657426834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38725249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913876","display_name":"Time-sharing","level":2,"score":0.614436686038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3632515072822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2600386142730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1464291.1464336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464291.1464336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the November 7-10, 1966, fall joint computer conference on XX - AFIPS '66 (Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125626255","https://openalex.org/W2127329704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Incompatible":[0],"machines":[1],"represent":[2],"an":[3],"old":[4],"problem":[5],"in":[6],"the":[7],"computer":[8,14],"field.":[9],"Very":[10],"often,":[11],"because":[12],"of":[13,26,39],"incompatibility,":[15],"programs":[16],"developed":[17],"at":[18],"one":[19],"installation":[20],"are":[21],"not":[22],"available":[23],"to":[24,35],"users":[25],"other":[27],"installations.":[28],"The":[29],"same":[30],"program":[31],"may":[32],"therefore":[33],"have":[34],"be":[36],"rewritten":[37],"dozens":[38],"times.":[40]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
