{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107828404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464052.1464088","title":"A general purpose programming system for random access memories","display_name":"A general purpose programming system for random access memories","publication_year":1964,"publication_date":"1964-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107828404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464052.1464088","mag":"2107828404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1464052.1464088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464052.1464088","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1464052.1464088","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the October 27-29, 1964, fall joint computer conference, part I on XX - AFIPS '64 (Fall, part I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1464052.1464088","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109135099","display_name":"Charles W. Bachman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. W. Bachman","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric Company, Phoenix, Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric Company, Phoenix, Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103437780","display_name":"S. B. Williams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. B. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric Company, New York, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric Company, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3385,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83783784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"411","last_page":"411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9074000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cobol","display_name":"COBOL","score":0.9091222286224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8575838804244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.8392486572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fortran","display_name":"Fortran","score":0.6048184037208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.596687912940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4764954447746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4506415128707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.44984644651412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-programming-language","display_name":"High-level programming language","score":0.4281918406486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.3073781132698059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128595289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131140","display_name":"COBOL","level":2,"score":0.9091222286224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8575838804244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.8392486572265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778241615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83303","display_name":"Fortran","level":2,"score":0.6048184037208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.596687912940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4764954447746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4506415128707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.44984644651412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19024347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211496","display_name":"High-level programming language","level":3,"score":0.4281918406486511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3073781132698059}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1464052.1464088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464052.1464088","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1464052.1464088","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the October 27-29, 1964, fall joint computer conference, part I on XX - AFIPS '64 (Fall, part I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1464052.1464088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464052.1464088","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1464052.1464088","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the October 27-29, 1964, fall joint computer conference, part I on XX - AFIPS '64 (Fall, part I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2107828404.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2107828404.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998458210","https://openalex.org/W2154936806","https://openalex.org/W2161443285","https://openalex.org/W2766121160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3184315336","https://openalex.org/W202372297","https://openalex.org/W2349721654","https://openalex.org/W4246734931","https://openalex.org/W3209956858","https://openalex.org/W2571659724","https://openalex.org/W2354396033","https://openalex.org/W2388982626","https://openalex.org/W2378188505","https://openalex.org/W2022152821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,26,31,34,55],"past":[2],"ten":[3],"years,":[4],"information":[5,66],"processing":[6,67],"technology":[7],"has":[8,21],"made":[9],"significant":[10],"advances":[11],"in":[12],"many":[13],"directions.":[14],"Faster,":[15],"less":[16],"expensive,":[17],"more":[18,46],"flexible":[19],"hardware":[20],"been":[22,41],"continually":[23],"announced":[24],"by":[25],"various":[27],"computer":[28],"manufacturers.":[29],"In":[30],"software":[32],"area,":[33],"FORTRAN,":[35],"ALGOL,":[36],"and":[37,43,45],"COBOL":[38],"languages":[39],"have":[40],"developed":[42],"improved":[44],"efficient":[47],"compilers":[48],"are":[49],"now":[50,53],"available.":[51],"Applications":[52],"include":[54],"complete":[56],"spectrum":[57],"ranging":[58],"from":[59],"free-standing":[60],"analytical":[61],"programs":[62],"to":[63],"large":[64],"complex":[65],"systems.":[68]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}