{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077414235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463160.1463202","title":"PassShapes","display_name":"PassShapes","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077414235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463160.1463202","mag":"2077414235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1463160.1463202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463160.1463202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068656655","display_name":"Roman Weiss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Munich, Munich, Germany","University of Munich, Munich, GERMANY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Munich, Munich, GERMANY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090959845","display_name":"Alexander De Luca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander De Luca","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Munich, Munich, Germany","University of Munich, Munich, GERMANY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Munich, Munich, GERMANY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94322764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"383","last_page":"392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphanumeric","display_name":"Alphanumeric","score":0.7833436727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.780855119228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.7804418206214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.7767041921615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.7575086355209351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.7130975127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5859267115592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5748332738876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4655148983001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.41700389981269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22721204161643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0850362479686737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781003394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737372","display_name":"Alphanumeric","level":2,"score":0.7833436727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.780855119228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.7804418206214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7767041921615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.7575086355209351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.7130975127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5859267115592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5748332738876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4655148983001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41700389981269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22721204161643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0850362479686737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1463160.1463202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463160.1463202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128619364","https://openalex.org/W1485033854","https://openalex.org/W1503108337","https://openalex.org/W1505010935","https://openalex.org/W1582830784","https://openalex.org/W1829152331","https://openalex.org/W1921097329","https://openalex.org/W1972754743","https://openalex.org/W1986488765","https://openalex.org/W1990451873","https://openalex.org/W1996851501","https://openalex.org/W2037202491","https://openalex.org/W2039130803","https://openalex.org/W2046616910","https://openalex.org/W2094604181","https://openalex.org/W2106457270","https://openalex.org/W2112767991","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2117436924","https://openalex.org/W2139693359","https://openalex.org/W2168969969","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W6628932435","https://openalex.org/W6630133823","https://openalex.org/W6640284056","https://openalex.org/W6660293614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082954328","https://openalex.org/W2108525321","https://openalex.org/W2165646781","https://openalex.org/W2596869006","https://openalex.org/W2896976260","https://openalex.org/W1995815705","https://openalex.org/W2146270836","https://openalex.org/W1429263365","https://openalex.org/W2187233292","https://openalex.org/W3197290876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Authentication":[0],"today":[1],"mostly":[2],"relies":[3],"on":[4],"passwords":[5],"or":[6,41],"personal":[7],"identification":[8],"numbers":[9],"(PINs).":[10],"Therefore":[11],"the":[12,125,132,138,166],"average":[13],"user":[14,115],"has":[15],"to":[16,68,130,154,171],"remember":[17],"an":[18,79],"increasing":[19,146],"amount":[20],"of":[21,78,82,161],"PINs":[22],"and":[23,96,107,175],"passwords.":[24],"Unfortunately,":[25],"humans":[26],"have":[27,117],"limited":[28],"capabilities":[29],"for":[30],"remembering":[31],"abstract":[32],"alphanumeric":[33],"sequences.":[34],"Thus,":[35],"many":[36],"people":[37],"either":[38],"forget":[39],"them":[40],"use":[42],"very":[43],"simple":[44,74],"ones,":[45],"which":[46],"implies":[47],"several":[48,140],"security":[49],"risks.":[50],"In":[51,62],"this":[52,63],"work,":[53],"a":[54,69,103,150,156,173],"novel":[55],"authentication":[56,100,177],"method":[57],"called":[58],"PassShapes":[59,126,139,167],"is":[60,128,144,169],"presented.":[61],"system":[64,71],"users":[65,135],"authenticate":[66],"themselves":[67],"computing":[70],"by":[72],"drawing":[73],"geometric":[75],"shapes":[76,91],"constructed":[77],"arbitrary":[80],"combination":[81],"eight":[83],"different":[84],"strokes.":[85],"We":[86],"argue":[87],"that":[88,124,165],"using":[89],"such":[90],"will":[92],"allow":[93],"more":[94,98],"complex":[95],"thus":[97],"secure":[99],"tokens":[101],"with":[102],"lower":[104],"cognitive":[105],"load":[106],"higher":[108],"memorability.":[109],"To":[110],"prove":[111],"these":[112],"assumptions,":[113],"two":[114],"studies":[116,163],"been":[118],"conducted.":[119],"The":[120,159],"memorability":[121,133],"evaluation":[122],"showed":[123],"concept":[127],"able":[129,170],"increase":[131],"when":[134],"can":[136],"practice":[137],"times.":[141],"This":[142],"effect":[143],"even":[145],"over":[147],"time.":[148],"Additionally,":[149],"prototype":[151],"was":[152],"implemented":[153],"conduct":[155],"usability":[157],"study.":[158],"results":[160],"both":[162],"indicate":[164],"approach":[168],"provide":[172],"usable":[174],"memorable":[176],"method.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}