{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056049575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462055.1462061","title":"Classifying pretended and evoked facial expressions of positive and negative affective states using infrared measurement of skin temperature","display_name":"Classifying pretended and evoked facial expressions of positive and negative affective states using infrared measurement of skin temperature","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056049575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462055.1462061","mag":"2056049575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1462055.1462061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462055.1462061","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1462055.1462061","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1462055.1462061","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023632529","display_name":"Masood Mehmood Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masood Mehmood Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104001490","display_name":"R. DeC. Ward","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, England","University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, England#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, England#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084639930","display_name":"Michael Ingleby","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ingleby","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, England","University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, England#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, England#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023632529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96545433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.8148953914642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sadness","display_name":"Sadness","score":0.7344083189964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6261317729949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-muscles","display_name":"Facial muscles","score":0.5818997025489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5702939033508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disgust","display_name":"Disgust","score":0.531319797039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4832192659378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4809652864933014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4661993086338043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.44246357679367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.419778048992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"Anger","score":0.41948050260543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4115939736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34008699655532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1687580645084381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.06818816065788269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.8148953914642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.7344083189964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6261317729949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780905192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2341604","display_name":"Facial muscles","level":2,"score":0.5818997025489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5702939033508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777375102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208351","display_name":"Disgust","level":3,"score":0.531319797039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4832192659378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4809652864933014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4661993086338043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.44246357679367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.419778048992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.41948050260543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4115939736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34008699655532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1687580645084381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.06818816065788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1462055.1462061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462055.1462061","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1462055.1462061","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.hud.ac.uk:7294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7294/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401852","display_name":"University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/44186","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/44186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1462055.1462061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462055.1462061","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1462055.1462061","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2056049575.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2056049575.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26037324","https://openalex.org/W33985024","https://openalex.org/W44741455","https://openalex.org/W116752470","https://openalex.org/W574125501","https://openalex.org/W1494465604","https://openalex.org/W1509031088","https://openalex.org/W1537780003","https://openalex.org/W1542290855","https://openalex.org/W1562248771","https://openalex.org/W1592514942","https://openalex.org/W1598129572","https://openalex.org/W1598139105","https://openalex.org/W1607052709","https://openalex.org/W1628541567","https://openalex.org/W1665464784","https://openalex.org/W1964584093","https://openalex.org/W1965316585","https://openalex.org/W1966962584","https://openalex.org/W1968792772","https://openalex.org/W1973662053","https://openalex.org/W1974397564","https://openalex.org/W1975495159","https://openalex.org/W1975911018","https://openalex.org/W1977621542","https://openalex.org/W1978925986","https://openalex.org/W1980691164","https://openalex.org/W1986024195","https://openalex.org/W1987415271","https://openalex.org/W1991148285","https://openalex.org/W1992467985","https://openalex.org/W1994904715","https://openalex.org/W1995698752","https://openalex.org/W1996277343","https://openalex.org/W1997410866","https://openalex.org/W1997507645","https://openalex.org/W2001524316","https://openalex.org/W2002198289","https://openalex.org/W2002225084","https://openalex.org/W2007350404","https://openalex.org/W2007431552","https://openalex.org/W2013098115","https://openalex.org/W2021127571","https://openalex.org/W2029532387","https://openalex.org/W2030825740","https://openalex.org/W2033058060","https://openalex.org/W2037651268","https://openalex.org/W2040597419","https://openalex.org/W2049539445","https://openalex.org/W2051090929","https://openalex.org/W2053472982","https://openalex.org/W2061282593","https://openalex.org/W2063651074","https://openalex.org/W2066322905","https://openalex.org/W2072883612","https://openalex.org/W2074519486","https://openalex.org/W2078671978","https://openalex.org/W2082128446","https://openalex.org/W2088240873","https://openalex.org/W2091403031","https://openalex.org/W2092395618","https://openalex.org/W2093448167","https://openalex.org/W2093522521","https://openalex.org/W2094214226","https://openalex.org/W2112260647","https://openalex.org/W2113330110","https://openalex.org/W2115223110","https://openalex.org/W2115773899","https://openalex.org/W2118201036","https://openalex.org/W2122256126","https://openalex.org/W2125652750","https://openalex.org/W2129476886","https://openalex.org/W2133080659","https://openalex.org/W2133643452","https://openalex.org/W2135306765","https://openalex.org/W2141208341","https://openalex.org/W2142361057","https://openalex.org/W2143350951","https://openalex.org/W2143556032","https://openalex.org/W2145710484","https://openalex.org/W2146558719","https://openalex.org/W2146814695","https://openalex.org/W2152512410","https://openalex.org/W2154052028","https://openalex.org/W2154716422","https://openalex.org/W2154739180","https://openalex.org/W2156516654","https://openalex.org/W2158952336","https://openalex.org/W2159306175","https://openalex.org/W2160947254","https://openalex.org/W2162591825","https://openalex.org/W2162653225","https://openalex.org/W2162848640","https://openalex.org/W2167015621","https://openalex.org/W2168239064","https://openalex.org/W2171801645","https://openalex.org/W2172157122","https://openalex.org/W2315373233","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2410979608","https://openalex.org/W2490800645","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W3099514962","https://openalex.org/W3146003712","https://openalex.org/W3148116038","https://openalex.org/W3150894447","https://openalex.org/W4206251476","https://openalex.org/W4236781735","https://openalex.org/W4247086295","https://openalex.org/W4255558128","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299732443","https://openalex.org/W4322703244","https://openalex.org/W4402546660","https://openalex.org/W6650973004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365519294","https://openalex.org/W2794357331","https://openalex.org/W4238520549","https://openalex.org/W3031187173","https://openalex.org/W3216173459","https://openalex.org/W4242611441","https://openalex.org/W3135436127","https://openalex.org/W2805647211","https://openalex.org/W2100930849","https://openalex.org/W4242034606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Earlier":[0],"researchers":[1],"were":[2],"able":[3],"to":[4,16,33,50,152],"extract":[5],"the":[6,21,36,46,52,154,174,190,230],"transient":[7,53,183],"facial":[8,38,54,64,74,80,90,122,131,156,169,176,191,233,238],"thermal":[9,12,55,73,91,157,170,184,202,234],"features":[10,56,185,235],"from":[11,82],"infrared":[13,147],"images":[14,75],"(TIRIs)":[15],"make":[17],"binary":[18],"distinctions":[19],"between":[20,35,189],"expressions":[22,39,81,192],"of":[23,40,63,68,163,182,193,200,211,226,232],"affective":[24,41,194],"states.":[25,42],"However,":[26],"effective":[27],"human-computer":[28],"interaction":[29],"would":[30],"require":[31],"machines":[32],"distinguish":[34,188],"subtle":[37],"This":[43,142],"work,":[44],"for":[45,57],"first":[47],"time,":[48],"attempts":[49],"use":[51,231],"recognizing":[58],"a":[59,212],"much":[60],"wider":[61],"range":[62],"expressions.":[65],"A":[66,88],"database":[67],"324":[69],"time-sequential,":[70],"visible-spectrum,":[71],"and":[72,95,100,110,113,120,127,133,140,178,241],"was":[76,98],"developed":[77,99],"representing":[78],"different":[79,86],"23":[83],"participants":[84],"in":[85,196,236],"situations.":[87],"novel":[89],"feature":[92,171,203],"extraction,":[93],"selection,":[94],"classification":[96,181,207,240],"approach":[97],"invoked":[101],"on":[102,217,229],"various":[103],"Gaussian":[104,213],"mixture":[105,214],"models":[106],"constructed":[107],"using:":[108],"neutral":[109,126],"pretended":[111],"happy":[112],"sad":[114],"faces,":[115],"faces":[116,124,134],"with":[117,125,135],"multiple":[118],"positive":[119],"negative":[121],"expressions,":[123,132],"six":[128],"(pretended)":[129],"basic":[130],"evoked":[136],"happiness,":[137],"sadness,":[138],"disgust,":[139],"anger.":[141],"work":[143,220],"demonstrates":[144],"that":[145],"(1)":[146],"imaging":[148],"can":[149,165,186],"be":[150],"used":[151],"observe":[153],"affective-state-specific":[155],"variations,":[158],"(2)":[159],"pixel-grey":[160],"level":[161],"analysis":[162],"TIRIs":[164],"help":[166,187],"localise":[167],"significant":[168],"points":[172],"along":[173],"major":[175],"muscles,":[177],"(3)":[179],"cluster-analytic":[180],"states":[195],"an":[197],"optimized":[198],"eigenspace":[199],"input":[201],"vectors.":[204],"The":[205,219],"observed":[206],"results":[208],"exhibited":[209],"influence":[210],"model's":[215],"structure":[216],"classifier-performance.":[218],"also":[221],"unveiled":[222],"some":[223],"pertinent":[224],"aspects":[225],"future":[227],"research":[228],"automated":[237],"expression":[239],"affect":[242],"recognition.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
