{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122373614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462048.1462051","title":"Evaluating the effect of motion and body shape on the perceived sex of virtual characters","display_name":"Evaluating the effect of motion and body shape on the perceived sex of virtual characters","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122373614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462048.1462051","mag":"2122373614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1462048.1462051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462048.1462051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079301210","display_name":"Rachel McDonnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-2506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel McDonnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","Trinity college Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity college Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025756610","display_name":"Sophie J\u00f6rg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7910-8553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie J\u00f6rg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","Trinity college Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity college Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011498939","display_name":"Jessica K. Hodgins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1778-883X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica K. Hodgins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032488059","display_name":"Fiona N. Newell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-2346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fiona Newell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","Trinity college Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity college Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063212917","display_name":"Carol O\u2019Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-4961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol O'sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","Trinity college Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity college Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96970102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-shape","display_name":"Body shape","score":0.7802219390869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.7365766167640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.6709203720092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6511338949203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.515494167804718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-motion","display_name":"Biological motion","score":0.503842294216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.4617251753807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.4577151834964752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.45020169019699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-perception","display_name":"Motion perception","score":0.42534926533699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.42186859250068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.32124704122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29777616262435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26749318838119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25276029109954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13116559386253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10664305090904236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60627051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072278","display_name":"Body shape","level":2,"score":0.7802219390869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7365766167640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.6709203720092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6511338949203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.515494167804718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20864712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667800","display_name":"Biological motion","level":3,"score":0.503842294216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4617251753807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.4577151834964752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.45020169019699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48575856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852504","display_name":"Motion perception","level":3,"score":0.42534926533699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.42186859250068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32124704122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29777616262435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26749318838119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25276029109954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13116559386253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10664305090904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1462048.1462051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1462048.1462051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32453091","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","issn_l":"1544-3558","issn":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.207.6675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.207.6675","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/%7Ejoergs/docs/McDonnell09_FormAndMotion.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.207.6727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.207.6727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/%7Ejoergs/docs/McDonnell09_FormAndMotion_small.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538497412","https://openalex.org/W1548942437","https://openalex.org/W1662438389","https://openalex.org/W1986874010","https://openalex.org/W1990717412","https://openalex.org/W2016901948","https://openalex.org/W2051837317","https://openalex.org/W2053967924","https://openalex.org/W2077939671","https://openalex.org/W2080608870","https://openalex.org/W2099634219","https://openalex.org/W2144481990","https://openalex.org/W2145891654","https://openalex.org/W2152683708","https://openalex.org/W2165791927","https://openalex.org/W6632039212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096797083","https://openalex.org/W2883698867","https://openalex.org/W3082646877","https://openalex.org/W2021724620","https://openalex.org/W3195648811","https://openalex.org/W2156698060","https://openalex.org/W2083051232","https://openalex.org/W1990227992","https://openalex.org/W2122373614","https://openalex.org/W3048526225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,17,113],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"our":[3],"aim":[4],"is":[5,103],"to":[6,47,140],"determine":[7],"factors":[8],"that":[9,62,97,134,148],"influence":[10,67,120],"the":[11,85,98,119,141],"perceived":[12,79,86],"sex":[13,68,87,139,145,154],"of":[14,43,88,100,121,138,173],"virtual":[15,174],"characters.":[16,175],"Experiment":[18,114],"1,":[19],"four":[20],"different":[21,41],"model":[22],"types":[23,42],"were":[24,45],"used:":[25],"highly":[26],"realistic":[27,92,127],"male":[28,52,128,159],"and":[29,35,53,56,65,91,124,129,132,167],"female":[30,54,130,150],"models,":[31],"an":[32,110],"androgynous":[33,90],"character,":[34],"a":[36],"point":[37],"light":[38],"walker.":[39],"Three":[40],"motion":[44,50,66,83,125],"applied":[46],"all":[48],"models:":[49],"captured":[51],"walks,":[55],"neutral":[57,74,101],"synthetic":[58,75],"walks.":[59],"We":[60],"found":[61,133],"both":[63,89],"form":[64,77],"perception":[69],"for":[70,73,165],"these":[71],"characters:":[72],"motions,":[76],"determines":[78],"sex,":[80],"whereas":[81],"natural":[82],"affects":[84],"forms.":[93],"These":[94,161],"results":[95,162],"indicate":[96],"use":[99],"walks":[102],"better":[104],"than":[105,157],"creating":[106],"ambiguity":[107],"by":[108],"assigning":[109],"incongruent":[111],"motion.":[112],"2":[115],"we":[116],"investigated":[117],"further":[118],"body":[122,142,151],"shape":[123],"on":[126],"models":[131],"adding":[135],"stereotypical":[136],"indicators":[137],"shapes":[143,152],"influenced":[144],"perception.":[146],"Also,":[147],"exaggerated":[149,158],"influences":[153],"judgements":[155],"more":[156],"shapes.":[160],"have":[163],"implications":[164],"variety":[166],"realism":[168],"when":[169],"simulating":[170],"large":[171],"crowds":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}