{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040587968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1461518.1461540","title":"Magnetic films","display_name":"Magnetic films","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040587968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1461518.1461540","mag":"2040587968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1461518.1461540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1461518.1461540","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the December 4-6, 1962, fall joint computer conference on - AFIPS '62 (Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112239827","display_name":"C. F. Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blue Bell, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blue Bell, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037236278","display_name":"G. Fedde","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Fedde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blue Bell, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blue Bell, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6916,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84839898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"213","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.8119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.8119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.8094000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.7214999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-memory","display_name":"Magnetic memory","score":0.7282582521438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferrite","display_name":"Ferrite (magnet)","score":0.6148374080657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-memory","display_name":"Conventional memory","score":0.5039517283439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5027346611022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4963396191596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-memory-alloy","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","score":0.48161572217941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-plane","display_name":"Film plane","score":0.4703633487224579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-anisotropy","display_name":"Magnetic anisotropy","score":0.4694017469882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.45098739862442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-memory","display_name":"Computer memory","score":0.445229172706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film","display_name":"Thin film","score":0.444868803024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.41399601101875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3896324932575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetization","display_name":"Magnetization","score":0.3289414644241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3088759183883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2169208824634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.205611914396286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.17955246567726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.17638713121414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-refresh","display_name":"Memory refresh","score":0.1580841839313507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1527436077594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.14465978741645813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983079785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731577","display_name":"Magnetic memory","level":3,"score":0.7282582521438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37210646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5105088","display_name":"Ferrite (magnet)","level":2,"score":0.6148374080657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53838383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541148","display_name":"Conventional memory","level":5,"score":0.5039517283439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5027346611022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4963396191596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49097943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898455","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","level":2,"score":0.48161572217941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781454913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449029","display_name":"Film plane","level":5,"score":0.4703633487224579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32938098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918398","display_name":"Magnetic anisotropy","level":4,"score":0.4694017469882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.45098739862442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92855701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5830907","display_name":"Computer memory","level":3,"score":0.445229172706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.444868803024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.41399601101875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3896324932575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.3289414644241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3088759183883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2169208824634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.205611914396286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.17955246567726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.17638713121414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87907426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815755","display_name":"Memory refresh","level":4,"score":0.1580841839313507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1527436077594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.14465978741645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1461518.1461540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1461518.1461540","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the December 4-6, 1962, fall joint computer conference on - AFIPS '62 (Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488102881","https://openalex.org/W1517192122","https://openalex.org/W1972621128","https://openalex.org/W1973877084","https://openalex.org/W1989629399","https://openalex.org/W2011329181","https://openalex.org/W2011338006","https://openalex.org/W2017645366","https://openalex.org/W2037769521","https://openalex.org/W2050804570","https://openalex.org/W2149835233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293159259","https://openalex.org/W2375625076","https://openalex.org/W2117635961","https://openalex.org/W2045451527","https://openalex.org/W2127207555","https://openalex.org/W2561005478","https://openalex.org/W2792765911","https://openalex.org/W3048967625","https://openalex.org/W2079019992","https://openalex.org/W1996964471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,194,223,268,456],"development":[1],"and":[2,35,91,130,162,210,214,284,292,344,408,426,435,443,469],"application":[3],"of":[4,15,18,39,47,53,72,87,111,173,241,258,275,278,305,317,355,370,459],"magnetic":[5,208,224,387],"thin":[6,183,199,397],"films":[7,184,200,310,398],"has":[8],"been":[9,400],"persued":[10],"vigorously":[11],"by":[12,410],"a":[13,51,154,159,165,174,207,306,348,363,476],"number":[14,52],"workers.":[16],"Some":[17],"the":[19,27,44,85,108,117,127,131,144,179,211,228,242,314,356],"practical":[20,451],"results":[21],"are":[22,101,116,252,271,392],"tabulated":[23],"seven":[24],"years":[25],"after":[26],"first":[28],"reported":[29],"work.Advances":[30],"in":[31,37,61,79,84,102,126,158,190,236,247,273,281,313,340,346,422,440,475,478],"ferrite":[32,187],"memory":[33,55,97,124,141,157,166,175,188,250,300,320,389],"technology":[34],"difficulties":[36],"fabrication":[38],"film":[40,48,99,123,140,156,212,269,299,357,388,441],"memories":[41,100,358],"have":[42,57,376,399],"delayed":[43],"widespread":[45],"use":[46,86,362],"memories.":[49,480],"However,":[50],"experimental":[54],"systems":[56,390],"demonstrated":[58],"significant":[59],"achievements":[60],"packing":[62],"density,":[63],"200--900":[64],"bits":[65,279,301],"per":[66,308],"square":[67],"inch;":[68],"read-write":[69],"cycle":[70],"time":[71],"100--200":[73],"nsec.;":[74],"reliable":[75],"non-destructive":[76],"read":[77,136,352],"out":[78,353],"an":[80,95,318],"electrically":[81,138],"alterable":[82,139],"memory;":[83],"high":[88,462],"performance":[89],"circuits":[90],"construction":[92],"techniques":[93],"giving":[94],"economical":[96],"system.Several":[98],"production":[103,106,291],"or":[104,280,350,366],"pilot":[105],"at":[107,178],"UNIVAC":[128],"Division":[110],"Sperry":[112],"Rand":[113],"Corp.":[114,151],"These":[115],"small":[118,155],"128":[119],"word":[120,364],"1/2":[121],"microsecond":[122],"used":[125,197,339],"1107":[129],"large":[132,276,385],"6656":[133],"word,":[134],"nondestructive":[135,351],"out,":[137],"developed":[142],"for":[143,198,302,330],"ADD":[145],"(Aerospace":[146],"Digital":[147],"Development)":[148],"Computer.":[149],"Burroughs":[150],"is":[152,163,201,216,233,431],"using":[153],"military":[160],"computer":[161,479],"marketing":[164],"plane.":[167],"Texas":[168],"Instruments":[169],"announced":[170],"immediate":[171],"availability":[172],"plane":[176],"pair":[177],"August":[180],"1962":[181],"WESCON.Magnetic":[182],"differ":[185],"from":[186],"elements":[189,251,270],"two":[191],"important":[192],"ways.":[193],"nickel-iron":[195],"alloy":[196],"deposited":[202,402],"under":[203],"conditions":[204],"that":[205,232,378,391,430],"cause":[206],"anisotropy":[209,225],"thinness":[213],"geometry":[215],"chosen":[217],"to":[218,297,360,383],"permit":[219],"coherent":[220,238,454],"rotational":[221,239],"switching.":[222],"makes":[226],"possible":[227,382],"simple":[229,263,470],"operating":[230],"mode":[231],"widely":[234],"used,":[235],"which":[237],"switching":[240],"magnetization":[243],"can":[244,285,323,337],"be":[245,286,295,324,338,381],"completed":[246],"several":[248],"nanoseconds.Film":[249],"usually":[253],"operated":[254,333,345],"with":[255,265,334,373,394,433],"open":[256],"instead":[257],"closed":[259],"flux":[260],"paths":[261],"permitting":[262],"wiring":[264],"printed":[266],"circuits.":[267,437],"made":[272],"arrays":[274],"numbers":[277],"continuous":[282],"processes":[283],"economically":[287],"tested.":[288],"Large":[289],"volume":[290],"testing":[293],"may":[294,420,446],"able":[296],"produce":[298],"about":[303],"one-tenth":[304],"cent":[307],"bit.Thin":[309],"rate":[311],"highly":[312],"characteristics":[315],"required":[316],"ideal":[319],"element.":[321],"They":[322],"utilized":[325],"economically,":[326],"packaged":[327],"very":[328,341],"densely":[329],"severe":[331],"environments,":[332],"low":[335,427,460,467],"power,":[336],"fast":[342],"memories,":[343],"either":[347],"destructive":[349],"mode.All":[354],"disclosed":[359],"date":[361],"organized":[365],"linear":[367],"select":[368],"method":[369],"operation.":[371],"Studies":[372],"feasibility":[374],"models":[375],"shown":[377],"it":[379],"should":[380,473],"build":[384],"capacity":[386],"competitive":[393],"other":[395],"systems.Magnetic":[396],"successfully":[401],"on":[403],"silver,":[404],"aluminum,":[405],"glass,":[406],"copper":[407],"gold,":[409],"various":[411],"workers,":[412],"making":[413],"great":[414],"design":[415],"flexibility":[416],"possible.":[417],"Present":[418],"research":[419],"result":[421,474],"higher":[423],"bit":[424],"density":[425],"current":[428,449],"operation":[429,472],"compatible":[432],"integrated":[434],"molecular":[436],"Further":[438],"improvements":[439],"properties":[442],"manufacturing":[444],"uniformity":[445],"make":[447],"coincident":[448],"selection":[450],"while":[452],"achieving":[453],"rotation.":[455],"combined":[457],"impact":[458],"cost,":[461],"speed,":[463],"wide":[464],"temperature":[465],"range,":[466],"power":[468],"NDRO":[471],"revolution":[477]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
