{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997453923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460412.1460431","title":"Accurate localization of low-level radioactive source under noise and measurement errors","display_name":"Accurate localization of low-level radioactive source under noise and measurement errors","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997453923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460412.1460431","mag":"1997453923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1460412.1460431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460412.1460431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013347771","display_name":"Jren-Chit Chin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jren-Chit Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063936654","display_name":"David K. Y. Yau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9061-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David K.Y. Yau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027293473","display_name":"Nageswara S. V. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-5941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nageswara S.V. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051050779","display_name":"Yong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4943-5625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042860103","display_name":"Chris Y.T.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Y.T. Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035099577","display_name":"Mallikarjun Shankar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-7460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mallikarjun Shankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013347771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3839,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97619569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"183","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7548438310623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7067880630493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6518856883049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-source","display_name":"Radioactive source","score":0.5541955232620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.535054087638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5321150422096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.5109052062034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-error","display_name":"Observational error","score":0.4915994107723236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.47990429401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.440249502658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31141501665115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.29159218072891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.231015145778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.16838806867599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1459454894065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12875807285308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.1278482973575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10905826091766357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7548438310623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7067880630493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6518856883049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777962739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115507","display_name":"Radioactive source","level":3,"score":0.5541955232620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.535054087638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5321150422096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.5109052062034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.4915994107723236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47990429401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.440249502658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31141501665115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.29159218072891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.231015145778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.16838806867599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1459454894065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12875807285308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.1278482973575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10905826091766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1460412.1460431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460412.1460431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.lsu.edu:petroleum_engineering_pubs-1113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/petroleum_engineering_pubs/113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:cstech-2699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cstech/1700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Computer Science Technical Reports","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.295.6836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.295.6836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/lans/20061129/publications/sensys2008.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:petroleum_engineering_pubs-1113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/petroleum_engineering_pubs/113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532518263","https://openalex.org/W1567779396","https://openalex.org/W1650310283","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1676514347","https://openalex.org/W1976208596","https://openalex.org/W1989651117","https://openalex.org/W1992459887","https://openalex.org/W1993684916","https://openalex.org/W2016460936","https://openalex.org/W2100796177","https://openalex.org/W2102337542","https://openalex.org/W2103835129","https://openalex.org/W2124555964","https://openalex.org/W2130137998","https://openalex.org/W2131687179","https://openalex.org/W2139050929","https://openalex.org/W2140603325","https://openalex.org/W2141975880","https://openalex.org/W2151946422","https://openalex.org/W2188458752","https://openalex.org/W2913066018","https://openalex.org/W4252521233","https://openalex.org/W6633796995","https://openalex.org/W6648706930","https://openalex.org/W6698813454","https://openalex.org/W6986703038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2509844848","https://openalex.org/W3174290385","https://openalex.org/W2147188768","https://openalex.org/W1682666007","https://openalex.org/W2010663274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"localization":[1,72],"of":[2,39,95,109,177,193],"a":[3,20,36,87,135,161,168,178,190,201],"radioactive":[4,144],"source":[5,51,90],"can":[6,63,182],"be":[7,183],"solved":[8],"in":[9,19,98,200],"closed-form":[10],"using":[11,189],"4":[12],"ideal":[13],"sensors":[14,40,68],"and":[15,22,28,74,112,131,139],"the":[16,71,77,93,127,175],"Apollonius":[17],"circle":[18],"noise-":[21],"error-free":[23],"environment.":[24],"When":[25],"measurement":[26],"errors":[27],"noise":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"background":[32],"radiation":[33],"are":[34,146],"considered,":[35],"larger":[37],"number":[38],"is":[41,121,133],"needed":[42],"to":[43,69,91,174,185],"produce":[44],"accurate":[45,123],"results,":[46],"particularly":[47],"for":[48,86,149],"extremely":[49],"low":[50],"intensities.":[52],"In":[53,152],"this":[54,153],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,155],"present":[57,156],"an":[58],"efficient":[59],"fusion":[60,104],"algorithm":[61],"that":[62,119,167],"exploit":[64],"measurements":[65],"from":[66],"n":[67],"improve":[70],"accuracy,":[73],"show":[75,118,166],"how":[76],"accuracy":[78,138],"scales":[79],"with":[80,102],"n.":[81],"We":[82,117,165],"report":[83],"testbed":[84],"results":[85,158],"0.911":[88],"\u03bcCi":[89,171],"illustrate":[92],"effectiveness":[94],"our":[96],"algorithm,":[97],"particular":[99],"performance":[100],"comparisons":[101],"state-of-the-art":[103],"algorithms":[105],"based":[106,159],"on":[107,160],"Mean":[108],"Estimates":[110],"(MoE)":[111],"Maximum":[113],"Likelihood":[114],"Estimation":[115],"(MLE).":[116],"ITP":[120,130],"more":[122],"than":[124],"MoE,":[125],"whereas":[126],"choice":[128],"between":[129,137],"MLE":[132],"generally":[134],"tradeoff":[136],"run":[140],"time":[141],"efficiency.":[142],"Higher-intensity":[143],"sources":[145],"not":[147],"safe":[148],"actual":[150],"experiments.":[151],"case,":[154],"simulation":[157,163],"validated":[162],"model.":[164],"low-intensity":[169],"400":[170],"source,":[172],"similar":[173],"radioactivity":[176],"concealed":[179],"dirty":[180],"bomb,":[181],"localized":[184],"within":[186],"32.5":[187],"m":[188,198],"sensor":[191],"density":[192],"about":[194],"1":[195],"per":[196],"1100":[197],"2":[199],"surveillance":[202],"area.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}