{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058078915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460096.1460101","title":"Monitoring visual focus of attention via local discriminant projection","display_name":"Monitoring visual focus of attention via local discriminant projection","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058078915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460096.1460101","mag":"2058078915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1460096.1460101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460096.1460101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626780","display_name":"Honggang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-1364"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRIS lab, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRIS lab, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051197872","display_name":"Lorant Toth","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorant Toth","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterAct lab, Pittsburgh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterAct lab, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025452586","display_name":"Weihong Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-6996"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihong deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRIS lab, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRIS lab, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445470","display_name":"Jun Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-1339"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRIS lab, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRIS lab, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109235166","display_name":"Jie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9121-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100626780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81221394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"18","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.824470043182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.759547233581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5838995575904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5830556750297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5684866905212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5151644945144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5084851980209351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.506831705570221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.48784852027893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.48753759264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.4682261645793915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.46184155344963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.448506236076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-embedding","display_name":"Graph embedding","score":0.41363605856895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08742305636405945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.824470043182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.759547233581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5838995575904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5830556750297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5684866905212402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5151644945144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5084851980209351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.506831705570221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.48784852027893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.48753759264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.4682261645793915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.46184155344963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.448506236076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75564084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597085","display_name":"Graph embedding","level":3,"score":0.41363605856895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08742305636405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1460096.1460101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460096.1460101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85152245","https://openalex.org/W1492651331","https://openalex.org/W1557036733","https://openalex.org/W1974167603","https://openalex.org/W1978969184","https://openalex.org/W1983313055","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2007856106","https://openalex.org/W2050173620","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2096027770","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2114763125","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2137785778","https://openalex.org/W2139880049","https://openalex.org/W2153293376","https://openalex.org/W2153410050","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4211165038","https://openalex.org/W4242092868","https://openalex.org/W6677531174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350751952","https://openalex.org/W1999647744","https://openalex.org/W2362114017","https://openalex.org/W3147024994","https://openalex.org/W2063246903","https://openalex.org/W2374055396","https://openalex.org/W1978302214","https://openalex.org/W2021817983","https://openalex.org/W1995039490","https://openalex.org/W3008559849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,69],"present":[4],"a":[5,9,36,42,74,85,91,137,174,181],"system":[6,22,48,165,184],"to":[7,188],"monitor":[8],"subject's":[10],"Visual":[11],"Focus":[12],"of":[13,59,84,88,163],"Attention":[14],"(VFOA)":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17],"his/her":[18],"head":[19,52,62,80,107,134],"poses.":[20],"The":[21,97,149,183],"first":[23],"detects":[24],"faces":[25],"from":[26,54,145],"video":[27],"images":[28],"and":[29,77,136,190],"determines":[30],"if":[31],"the":[32,47,51,55,71,79,104,106,112,117,120,126,161,164],"detected":[33],"face":[34,44,56],"is":[35,45,111,119],"frontal":[37,43],"or":[38,66],"profile":[39],"face.":[40],"If":[41],"detected,":[46],"further":[49],"estimates":[50],"pose":[53,81,108],"image.":[57],"Instead":[58],"estimating":[60],"accurate":[61],"poses":[63,89,135,143],"through":[64],"detection":[65],"tracking":[67],"methods,":[68],"formulate":[70],"problem":[72,76],"as":[73],"classification":[75],"classify":[78],"into":[82],"one":[83,110],"predefined":[86],"number":[87],"using":[90],"local":[92],"discriminant":[93],"projection":[94],"(LDP)":[95],"method.":[96],"LDP":[98,127],"method":[99,128],"uses":[100],"two":[101],"graphs":[102],"for":[103,193],"modeling":[105],"embedding,":[109],"nearest":[113,121],"native":[114],"neighbor":[115],"graph,":[116],"other":[118,157],"invader":[122],"graph.":[123],"We":[124,159],"evaluate":[125],"in":[129,169,173,180],"CAS-PEAL":[130],"Database":[131],"with":[132,141,166],"21":[133],"realistic":[138],"data":[139],"set":[140],"9":[142],"collected":[144],"our":[146,154],"application":[147,168],"scenario.":[148],"experimental":[150],"results":[151],"indicate":[152],"that":[153,177],"approach":[155],"outperforms":[156],"methods.":[158],"describe":[160],"implementation":[162],"an":[167],"monitoring":[170],"customers'":[171],"VFOA":[172],"display":[175],"window":[176],"exhibits":[178],"merchandise":[179],"shop.":[182],"can":[185],"be":[186],"used":[187],"index":[189],"retrieve":[191],"information":[192],"customer":[194],"analysis.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
