{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005946921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1459229.1414664","title":"Emergence of the Academic Computing Clouds","display_name":"Emergence of the Academic Computing Clouds","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005946921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1459229.1414664","mag":"2005946921"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1459229.1414664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1459229.1414664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134936796","display_name":"Ubiquity","issn_l":"1530-2180","issn":["1530-2180"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ubiquity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062530792","display_name":"Kemal A. Delic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kemal A. Delic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Co","Hewlett Packard Co.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Co","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Co.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067854364","display_name":"Martin A. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-0356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Anthony Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Co","Hewlett Packard Co.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Co","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Co.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062530792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.8651,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98937706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2008","issue":"August","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8131887316703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.7812113165855408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7607938647270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realm","display_name":"Realm","score":0.6582628488540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-computing","display_name":"Grid computing","score":0.6444690227508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utility-computing","display_name":"Utility computing","score":0.5825900435447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5711418390274048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5219666361808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5018129348754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.459064781665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4456586539745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabric-computing","display_name":"Fabric computing","score":0.43417873978614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-user-computing","display_name":"End-user computing","score":0.4222549796104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4125918745994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3711593449115753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.21744269132614136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8131887316703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.7812113165855408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7607938647270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.6582628488540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70429105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249999","display_name":"Grid computing","level":3,"score":0.6444690227508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85106507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188445","display_name":"Utility computing","level":4,"score":0.5825900435447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5711418390274048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5219666361808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5018129348754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.459064781665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4456586539745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66898733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428126","display_name":"Fabric computing","level":5,"score":0.43417873978614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135642988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521737","display_name":"End-user computing","level":5,"score":0.4222549796104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4125918745994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3711593449115753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.21744269132614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1459229.1414664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1459229.1414664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134936796","display_name":"Ubiquity","issn_l":"1530-2180","issn":["1530-2180"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ubiquity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487942384","https://openalex.org/W1493831684","https://openalex.org/W1964464249","https://openalex.org/W1985362378","https://openalex.org/W2028524063","https://openalex.org/W2072695090","https://openalex.org/W2075820531","https://openalex.org/W4232071920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585052355","https://openalex.org/W4297792185","https://openalex.org/W2186962052","https://openalex.org/W2354834496","https://openalex.org/W176671200","https://openalex.org/W2154158105","https://openalex.org/W2167025429","https://openalex.org/W3009872356","https://openalex.org/W4240459365","https://openalex.org/W2361582810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computational":[0],"grids":[1,25,120],"are":[2,37,90],"very":[3],"large-scale":[4],"aggregates":[5],"of":[6,14,20,43,54,77,105,113,116,119,125,138,167,172],"communication":[7],"and":[8,16,35,45,66,87,103,121,145,148],"computation":[9],"resources":[10],"enabling":[11],"new":[12,59],"types":[13],"applications":[15],"bringing":[17],"several":[18],"benefits":[19],"economy-of-scale.":[21],"The":[22],"first":[23,97],"computational":[24,106],"were":[26],"established":[27],"in":[28,81,127],"academic":[29,67,117,158],"environments":[30],"during":[31],"the":[32,41,52,73,82,100,123,130,143,165],"previous":[33],"decade,":[34],"today":[36],"making":[38],"inroads":[39],"into":[40],"realm":[42],"corporate":[44],"enterprise":[46,65],"computing.":[47,68],"Very":[48],"recently,":[49],"we":[50,96,133,155,174],"observe":[51],"emergence":[53,166],"cloud":[55,70,139],"computing":[56,71,79,159],"as":[57],"a":[58],"potential":[60],"super":[61],"structure":[62],"for":[63],"corporate,":[64],"While":[69],"shares":[72],"same":[74],"original":[75],"vision":[76],"grid":[78],"articulated":[80],"1990s":[83],"by":[84],"Foster,":[85],"Kesselman":[86],"others,":[88],"there":[89],"significant":[91],"differences.":[92],"In":[93,129,153],"this":[94],"paper,":[95],"briefly":[98],"outline":[99],"architecture,":[101],"technologies":[102],"standards":[104],"grids.":[107,128],"We":[108],"then":[109],"point":[110],"at":[111,142],"some":[112,135,150,171],"notable":[114],"examples":[115],"use":[118],"sketch":[122],"future":[124,151],"research":[126],"third":[131],"section,":[132],"draw":[134],"architectural":[136],"lines":[137],"computing,":[140],"hint":[141],"design":[144],"technology":[146],"choices":[147],"indicate":[149],"challenges.":[152],"conclusion,":[154],"claim":[156],"that":[157],"clouds":[160],"might":[161],"appear":[162],"soon,":[163],"supporting":[164],"Science":[168],"2.0":[169],"activities,":[170],"which":[173],"list":[175],"shortly.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
