{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968829212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458572.1458574","title":"Large-scale, parallel automatic patent annotation","display_name":"Large-scale, parallel automatic patent annotation","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968829212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458572.1458574","mag":"1968829212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1458572.1458574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458572.1458574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Patent information retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022949102","display_name":"Milan Agatonovi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milan Agatonovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024950260","display_name":"Niraj Aswani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niraj Aswani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021952588","display_name":"Kalina Bontcheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-9600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalina Bontcheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000140583","display_name":"Hamish Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-5483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamish Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103247130","display_name":"Thomas Heitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-6356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Heitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009602058","display_name":"Yaoyong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051815961","display_name":"Ian Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-5851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053159679","display_name":"Valentin Tablan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6370-0141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentin Tablan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kngdm#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022949102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93085222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9168999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.8771057724952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terabyte","display_name":"Terabyte","score":0.8532180786132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8513250350952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7732589840888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.7178528308868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6029648780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5977092385292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5603522658348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5562908053398132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47036951780319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.46361666917800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement","display_name":"Complement (music)","score":0.4493447244167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4305567145347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4011894166469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3281954526901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2717123031616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20558515191078186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.8771057724952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199683683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Terabyte","level":2,"score":0.8532180786132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8513250350952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7732589840888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.7178528308868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6029648780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5977092385292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5603522658348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5562908053398132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47036951780319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46361666917800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.4493447244167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4305567145347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4011894166469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3281954526901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2717123031616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20558515191078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1458572.1458574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1458572.1458574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Patent information retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.140.6970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.140.6970","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gate.ac.uk/sale/pair08/pair03-aswani.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4508078","https://openalex.org/W27703676","https://openalex.org/W180474045","https://openalex.org/W423733794","https://openalex.org/W1492228966","https://openalex.org/W1520377376","https://openalex.org/W1577783107","https://openalex.org/W1608462205","https://openalex.org/W1971763646","https://openalex.org/W2054730875","https://openalex.org/W2074068089","https://openalex.org/W2154531419","https://openalex.org/W2155524176","https://openalex.org/W2168384920","https://openalex.org/W2504328377","https://openalex.org/W4235264713","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6607413097","https://openalex.org/W6629655038","https://openalex.org/W6682868268"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066858118","https://openalex.org/W1976914335","https://openalex.org/W3011699130","https://openalex.org/W2134017072","https://openalex.org/W2915208987","https://openalex.org/W2152256925","https://openalex.org/W1940452713","https://openalex.org/W1994777790","https://openalex.org/W2005567565","https://openalex.org/W2349392800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"researching":[1],"new":[2,7],"product":[3],"ideas":[4],"or":[5],"filing":[6],"patents,":[8],"inventors":[9],"need":[10],"to":[11,18,46,57],"retrieve":[12],"all":[13],"relevant":[14],"pre-existing":[15],"know-how":[16],"and/or":[17],"exploit":[19],"and":[20,68,79,98,108,114,120],"enforce":[21],"patents":[22],"in":[23,62,110],"their":[24],"technological":[25],"domain.":[26],"However,":[27],"this":[28],"process":[29],"is":[30,141],"hindered":[31],"by":[32,73],"lack":[33],"of":[34,95,116,129,133,137,150],"richer":[35],"metadata,":[36],"which":[37],"if":[38],"present,":[39],"would":[40],"allow":[41],"more":[42],"powerful":[43],"concept-based":[44],"search":[45],"complement":[47],"the":[48,75,111],"current":[49],"keywordbased":[50],"approach.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"our":[55],"approach":[56],"automatic":[58,93],"patent":[59,125],"enrichment,":[60],"tested":[61],"large-scale,":[63],"parallel":[64],"experiments":[65],"on":[66,92,154],"USPTO":[67],"EPO":[69],"documents.":[70],"It":[71],"starts":[72],"defining":[74],"metadata":[76,140],"annotation":[77,94,156],"task":[78],"examines":[80],"its":[81],"challenges.":[82],"The":[83,100,135],"text":[84],"analysis":[85,126],"tools":[86],"are":[87],"presented":[88],"next,":[89],"including":[90],"details":[91],"sections,":[96],"references":[97],"measurements.":[99],"key":[101],"challenges":[102],"encountered":[103],"were":[104],"dealing":[105,130],"with":[106,131,148],"ambiguities":[107],"errors":[109],"data;":[112],"creation":[113],"maintenance":[115],"large,":[117],"domain-independent":[118],"dictionaries;":[119],"building":[121],"an":[122],"efficient,":[123],"robust":[124],"pipeline,":[127],"capable":[128],"terabytes":[132],"data.":[134],"accuracy":[136],"automatically":[138],"created":[139],"evaluated":[142],"against":[143],"a":[144],"human-annotated":[145],"gold":[146],"standard,":[147],"results":[149],"over":[151],"90":[152],"%":[153],"most":[155],"types.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
