{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140807364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1455770.1455779","title":"Ether","display_name":"Ether","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140807364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1455770.1455779","mag":"2140807364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1455770.1455779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1455770.1455779","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002218066","display_name":"Artem Dinaburg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Artem Dinaburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Damballa, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Damballa, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044160512","display_name":"Paul Royal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Royal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Damballa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Damballa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Damballa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Damballa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111949268","display_name":"Monirul Sharif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monirul Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Damballa, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Damballa, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047140382","display_name":"Wenke Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenke Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Damballa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Damballa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Damballa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Damballa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002218066"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.3657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":659,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99928048,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"51","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.9415911436080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8383607864379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-analysis","display_name":"Malware analysis","score":0.6742323040962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.6369701027870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-analyzer","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","score":0.605157732963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.5378372669219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5371919274330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5195908546447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4974422752857208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38562315702438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.12997892498970032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.9415911436080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8383607864379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.6742323040962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.6369701027870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158007255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055222","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","level":2,"score":0.605157732963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.5378372669219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5371919274330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5195908546447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4974422752857208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38562315702438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.12997892498970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1455770.1455779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1455770.1455779","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78162143","https://openalex.org/W1503224444","https://openalex.org/W1522250664","https://openalex.org/W1529311848","https://openalex.org/W1548740378","https://openalex.org/W1559155956","https://openalex.org/W1573594453","https://openalex.org/W1595564425","https://openalex.org/W1608705608","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1992644805","https://openalex.org/W1994584977","https://openalex.org/W2042454716","https://openalex.org/W2049867480","https://openalex.org/W2096921767","https://openalex.org/W2111038628","https://openalex.org/W2111165162","https://openalex.org/W2112731379","https://openalex.org/W2126734536","https://openalex.org/W2131523719","https://openalex.org/W2131726714","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2151135920","https://openalex.org/W2151182669","https://openalex.org/W2154933195","https://openalex.org/W2159702664","https://openalex.org/W2163292449","https://openalex.org/W2167671111","https://openalex.org/W2294049595","https://openalex.org/W4244704438","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629915129","https://openalex.org/W6631155369","https://openalex.org/W6631540460","https://openalex.org/W6633401185","https://openalex.org/W6649090136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469507153","https://openalex.org/W2008790809","https://openalex.org/W3022706011","https://openalex.org/W2768892939","https://openalex.org/W2160963033","https://openalex.org/W2909615516","https://openalex.org/W4210907385","https://openalex.org/W2249256574","https://openalex.org/W2397240470","https://openalex.org/W4381279634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malware":[0,12],"has":[1],"become":[2],"the":[3,10,20,42,69,101,145],"centerpiece":[4],"of":[5,23,68,132,144],"most":[6],"security":[7],"threats":[8],"on":[9,128],"Internet.":[11],"analysis":[13,44],"is":[14,46,98,126],"an":[15],"essential":[16],"technology":[17],"that":[18,103,117,164],"extracts":[19],"runtime":[21],"behavior":[22],"malware,":[24],"and":[25,31,36,73,82,91,140,159],"supplies":[26],"signatures":[27],"to":[28,48,52,80,94,108,157],"detection":[29],"systems":[30],"provides":[32],"evidence":[33],"for":[34,104],"recovery":[35],"cleanup.":[37],"The":[38],"focal":[39],"point":[40],"in":[41,64],"malware":[43,55,58,95,106],"battle":[45],"how":[47,51],"detect":[49,81],"versus":[50],"hide":[53],"a":[54,89,105,129],"analyzer":[56,107],"from":[57,166],"during":[59],"runtime.":[60],"State-of-the-art":[61],"analyzers":[62],"reside":[63],"or":[65,168],"emulate":[66],"part":[67],"guest":[70],"operating":[71],"system":[72,170],"its":[74],"underlying":[75],"hardware,":[76],"making":[77],"them":[78],"easy":[79],"evade.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"transparent":[90],"external":[92],"approach":[93],"analysis,":[96],"which":[97],"motivated":[99],"by":[100,121],"intuition":[102],"be":[109],"transparent,":[110],"it":[111],"must":[112],"not":[113],"induce":[114],"any":[115],"side-effects":[116],"are":[118,151,161],"unconditionally":[119],"detectable":[120],"malware.":[122],"Our":[123],"analyzer,":[124],"Ether,":[125],"based":[127],"novel":[130],"application":[131],"hardware":[133],"virtualization":[134],"extensions":[135],"such":[136],"as":[137],"Intel":[138],"VT,":[139],"resides":[141],"completely":[142],"outside":[143],"target":[146],"OS":[147],"environment.":[148],"Thus,":[149],"there":[150,160],"no":[152,162],"in-guest":[153],"software":[154],"components":[155],"vulnerable":[156],"detection,":[158],"shortcomings":[163],"arise":[165],"incomplete":[167],"inaccurate":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":63}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
