{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013427808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1454008.1454044","title":"kNN CF","display_name":"kNN CF","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013427808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1454008.1454044","mag":"2013427808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1454008.1454044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1454008.1454044","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Recommender systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082323876","display_name":"Neal Lathia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1696-5838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neal Lathia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082771661","display_name":"Stephen Hailes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-3642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Hailes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023892723","display_name":"Licia Capra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-3837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licia Capra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"227","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8042741417884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.7584019303321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-filtering","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","score":0.6799265146255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5305070281028748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5076888799667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5049968361854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40911638736724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37712526321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.353841096162796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.339227557182312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8042741417884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.7584019303321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.6799265146255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5305070281028748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5076888799667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5049968361854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40911638736724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37712526321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.353841096162796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.339227557182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1454008.1454044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1454008.1454044","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Recommender systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1096953962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/D07696X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101964907","https://openalex.org/W1530276735","https://openalex.org/W1971040550","https://openalex.org/W1987871578","https://openalex.org/W1997136459","https://openalex.org/W2081572301","https://openalex.org/W2085937320","https://openalex.org/W2112430581","https://openalex.org/W2117311203","https://openalex.org/W2122710250","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2172249709","https://openalex.org/W4232980324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772628444","https://openalex.org/W1484355083","https://openalex.org/W4220714703","https://openalex.org/W2098758514","https://openalex.org/W2735929803","https://openalex.org/W3008845055","https://openalex.org/W2170391450","https://openalex.org/W4376854386","https://openalex.org/W2202724490","https://openalex.org/W3014393615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recommender":[0],"systems,":[1],"based":[2],"on":[3,62,91,136],"collaborative":[4],"filtering,":[5],"draw":[6],"their":[7],"strength":[8],"from":[9,75,147],"techniques":[10,33],"that":[11,34,73,103,198],"manipulate":[12],"a":[13,29,92,101,105,148,201],"set":[14],"of":[15,24,32,66,89,129,159,163,167,175,204],"user-rating":[16,93],"profiles":[17],"in":[18,53,80],"order":[19,84],"to":[20,38,58,85],"compute":[21],"predicted":[22],"ratings":[23],"unrated":[25],"items.":[26],"There":[27],"are":[28,109],"wide":[30],"range":[31],"can":[35,97],"be":[36,98],"applied":[37],"this":[39,54,67,81,140],"problem;":[40],"however,":[41],"the":[42,49,64,71,77,87,95,116,124,130,137,157,165,176,180],"k-nearest":[43],"neighbour":[44],"(kNN)":[45],"algorithm":[46,96,117,181],"has":[47,60],"become":[48],"dominant":[50],"method":[51],"used":[52],"context.":[55],"Much":[56],"research":[57],"date":[59],"focused":[61],"improving":[63],"performance":[65],"algorithm,":[68],"without":[69],"considering":[70],"properties":[72,174],"emerge":[74],"manipulating":[76],"user":[78,168,212],"data":[79],"way.":[82],"In":[83,139],"understand":[86],"effect":[88],"kNN":[90,145,189],"dataset,":[94],"viewed":[99],"as":[100,154,179],"process":[102],"generates":[104,118],"graph,":[106],"where":[107],"nodes":[108],"users":[110],"and":[111,172,191,196,210],"edges":[112],"connect":[113],"similar":[114],"users:":[115],"an":[119],"implicit":[120],"social":[121,213],"network":[122],"amongst":[123],"system":[125,132],"subscribers.":[126],"Temporal":[127],"updates":[128],"recommender":[131],"will":[133],"impose":[134],"changes":[135],"graph.":[138],"work":[141],"we":[142],"analyse":[143],"user-user":[144],"graphs":[146,209],"temporal":[149],"perspective,":[150],"retrieving":[151],"characteristics":[152],"such":[153],"dataset":[155],"growth,":[156],"evolution":[158],"similarity":[160,192,206],"between":[161,207],"pairs":[162],"users,":[164],"volatility":[166],"neighbourhoods":[169],"over":[170],"time,":[171],"emergent":[173],"entire":[177],"graph":[178],"parameters":[182,190],"change.":[183],"These":[184],"insights":[185],"explain":[186],"why":[187],"certain":[188],"measures":[193],"outperform":[194],"others,":[195],"show":[197],"there":[199],"is":[200],"surprising":[202],"degree":[203],"structural":[205],"these":[208],"explicit":[211],"networks.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
