{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995910506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1452012.1452016","title":"Geometric and path tracing methods for simulating light transport through volumes of water particles","display_name":"Geometric and path tracing methods for simulating light transport through volumes of water particles","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995910506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1452012.1452016","mag":"1995910506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1452012.1452016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1452012.1452016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181451","display_name":"XRDS Crossroads The ACM Magazine for Students","issn_l":"1528-4972","issn":["1528-4972","1528-4980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008990019","display_name":"James Hegarty","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Hegarty","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008990019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0693426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.8455592393875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-tracing","display_name":"Path tracing","score":0.8318830728530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-scattering","display_name":"Light scattering","score":0.6162642240524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.5745176076889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5343830585479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.5257364511489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.49921321868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.49209779500961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","score":0.4426962733268738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.43271711468696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4272482991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3491520881652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.30240440368652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.20404374599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.17224863171577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12077754735946655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.8455592393875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.8318830728530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.6162642240524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.5745176076889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5343830585479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5257364511489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.49921321868896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.49209779500961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4426962733268738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.43271711468696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4272482991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3491520881652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.30240440368652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.20404374599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.17224863171577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12077754735946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1452012.1452016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1452012.1452016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181451","display_name":"XRDS Crossroads The ACM Magazine for Students","issn_l":"1528-4972","issn":["1528-4972","1528-4980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190660021","https://openalex.org/W1535835519","https://openalex.org/W1564611446","https://openalex.org/W2047970498","https://openalex.org/W3013647688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043725452","https://openalex.org/W2043557177","https://openalex.org/W2349351862","https://openalex.org/W151283179","https://openalex.org/W4242687015","https://openalex.org/W2123398485","https://openalex.org/W4378805578","https://openalex.org/W4317440205","https://openalex.org/W2000438891","https://openalex.org/W2952666320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"visual":[1,63,189],"appearance":[2,64,177,190],"of":[3,5,25,37,65,71,79,100,128,171,191,193,201],"volumes":[4,127,192],"water":[6,129,194],"particles,":[7,195],"such":[8,143],"as":[9,144],"clouds,":[10],"waterfalls,":[11],"and":[12,22,27,35,103,124,146,196],"fog,":[13],"depends":[14],"both":[15],"on":[16,29,186],"microscopic":[17],"interactions":[18,31],"between":[19,32],"light":[20,38,97,113,166],"rays":[21],"individual":[23],"droplets":[24,34],"water,":[26,172],"also":[28,149],"macroscopic":[30,165],"multiple":[33],"paths":[36],"rays.":[39],"This":[40,118,183],"paper":[41,119,184],"presents":[42],"a":[43,48,66,69,74,88,101,116,152,169,174,179],"model":[44],"that":[45],"builds":[46],"upon":[47],"typical":[49],"single-scattering":[50],"volume":[51,70,156,170,181],"renderer":[52],"to":[53,139,161,210],"correctly":[54],"account":[55,136],"for":[56,126],"these":[57],"effects.":[58],"To":[59],"accurately":[60,163],"simulate":[61,164],"the":[62,77,80,104,188,204],"surface":[67],"or":[68,82],"particles":[72],"in":[73,137],"computer-generated":[75],"image,":[76],"properties":[78],"material":[81],"particle":[83],"must":[84],"be":[85,159,211],"specified":[86],"using":[87],"Bidirectional":[89,105],"Reflectance":[90],"Distribution":[91,107],"Function":[92,108],"(BRDF),":[93],"which":[94,110,131],"describes":[95,111,120,150],"how":[96,112,151],"reflects":[98],"off":[99],"material,":[102],"Transmittance":[106],"(BTDF),":[109],"refracts":[114],"into":[115,135],"material.":[117],"an":[121],"optimized":[122],"BRDF":[123],"BTDF":[125],"droplets,":[130],"takes":[132],"their":[133],"geometry":[134],"order":[138],"produce":[140],"well-known":[141],"effects,":[142],"rainbows":[145],"halos.":[147],"It":[148],"multiple-scattering":[153],"path":[154],"tracing":[155],"integrator":[157],"can":[158],"used":[160],"more":[162,175],"transport":[167],"through":[168],"creating":[173],"\"cloudlike\"":[176],"than":[178],"single-scattered":[180],"integrator.":[182],"focuses":[185],"replicating":[187],"although":[197],"it":[198],"makes":[199],"use":[200],"physical":[202],"models,":[203],"techniques":[205],"presented":[206],"are":[207],"not":[208],"intended":[209],"physically":[212],"accurate.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}