{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993897010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1416563.1416567","title":"Using a pilot study to derive a GUI model for automated testing","display_name":"Using a pilot study to derive a GUI model for automated testing","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993897010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1416563.1416567","mag":"1993897010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1416563.1416567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1416563.1416567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013657140","display_name":"Qing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099672","display_name":"Accenture (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013g16z83","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093804","https://openalex.org/I4210099672"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture Technology Labs, Chicago, IL","Accenture Technology Labs., Chicago, IL#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture Technology Labs, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture Technology Labs., Chicago, IL#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103489081","display_name":"Atif M. Memon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atif M Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.6041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99101124,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8558948040008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traverse","display_name":"Traverse","score":0.7279744744300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6946051716804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface-testing","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","score":0.6051527261734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.507335364818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing","display_name":"Regression testing","score":0.49709513783454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.4837770164012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.48332738876342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-based-testing","display_name":"Model-based testing","score":0.4833188056945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.39816394448280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3680214285850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3474145233631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.26027029752731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.22072574496269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.2068028450012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.14392170310020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-design","display_name":"User interface design","score":0.12058889865875244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8558948040008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.7279744744300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6946051716804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66153210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597182","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","level":4,"score":0.6051527261734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.507335364818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161821725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Regression testing","level":5,"score":0.49709513783454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.4837770164012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.48332738876342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165825675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399743","display_name":"Model-based testing","level":4,"score":0.4833188056945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.39816394448280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3680214285850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3474145233631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.26027029752731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.22072574496269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.2068028450012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.14392170310020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149229913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135707","display_name":"User interface design","level":3,"score":0.12058889865875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1416563.1416567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1416563.1416567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.594.3647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.594.3647","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.umd.edu/~atif/papers/XieMemonTOSEM2008.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144789550","https://openalex.org/W1514406658","https://openalex.org/W1517536341","https://openalex.org/W1527726694","https://openalex.org/W1591521007","https://openalex.org/W1594619739","https://openalex.org/W1597750657","https://openalex.org/W1845288303","https://openalex.org/W1964446022","https://openalex.org/W1975431988","https://openalex.org/W1984647091","https://openalex.org/W2006599089","https://openalex.org/W2007961180","https://openalex.org/W2011762419","https://openalex.org/W2013711971","https://openalex.org/W2023027674","https://openalex.org/W2038404620","https://openalex.org/W2052877962","https://openalex.org/W2053465247","https://openalex.org/W2068729778","https://openalex.org/W2075147138","https://openalex.org/W2091587497","https://openalex.org/W2098115125","https://openalex.org/W2105436591","https://openalex.org/W2109315538","https://openalex.org/W2114341098","https://openalex.org/W2117141328","https://openalex.org/W2121081915","https://openalex.org/W2125753667","https://openalex.org/W2138784804","https://openalex.org/W2143898667","https://openalex.org/W2144956041","https://openalex.org/W2147119299","https://openalex.org/W2148898704","https://openalex.org/W2159619561","https://openalex.org/W2161836710","https://openalex.org/W2167075505","https://openalex.org/W2167762898","https://openalex.org/W2171348628","https://openalex.org/W2172081876","https://openalex.org/W3003620414","https://openalex.org/W4205358622","https://openalex.org/W4245573853","https://openalex.org/W4386755149","https://openalex.org/W6631015191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239216682","https://openalex.org/W2075147138","https://openalex.org/W4213182711","https://openalex.org/W1966242135","https://openalex.org/W2135609499","https://openalex.org/W2552145460","https://openalex.org/W1978406750","https://openalex.org/W1598160211","https://openalex.org/W2243231242","https://openalex.org/W2795302276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graphical":[0],"user":[1,63],"interfaces":[2],"(GUIs)":[3],"are":[4,214,232],"one":[5],"of":[6,12,33,62,140,145,185],"the":[7,110,118,128,146,166,183,207,217],"most":[8],"commonly":[9],"used":[10,90,124],"parts":[11],"today's":[13],"software.":[14],"Despite":[15],"their":[16,173],"ubiquity,":[17],"testing":[18],"GUIs":[19],"for":[20,134,216],"functional":[21],"correctness":[22],"remains":[23],"an":[24,36,40,100,160],"understudied":[25],"area.":[26],"A":[27],"typical":[28],"GUI":[29,51,92,141,188],"gives":[30],"many":[31],"degrees":[32],"freedom":[34],"to":[35,39,48,66,75,98,159,181,226,234],"end-user,":[37],"leading":[38],"enormous":[41],"input":[42],"event":[43,161,208],"interaction":[44],"space":[45],"that":[46,150,202,231],"needs":[47],"be":[49,235],"tested.":[50],"test":[52,57,193,211,229],"designers":[53],"generate":[54,228],"and":[55,95,117,172,195,224],"execute":[56],"cases":[58,194,230],"(modeled":[59],"as":[60,137],"sequences":[61],"events":[64,151,171,189,198],")":[65],"traverse":[67,206],"its":[68],"parts;":[69],"targeting":[70],"a":[71,80,114,156],"subspace":[72],"in":[73,86,125,153,192],"order":[74],"maximize":[76],"fault":[77],"detection":[78],"is":[79],"nontrivial":[81],"task.":[82],"In":[83,104],"this":[84,105],"vein,":[85],"previous":[87,126],"work,":[88],"we":[89,107],"informal":[91],"code":[93],"examination":[94],"personal":[96],"intuition":[97,123],"develop":[99],"event-interaction":[101],"graph":[102],"(EIG).":[103],"article":[106],"empirically":[108],"derive":[109],"EIG":[111,120,177,225],"model":[112,135,178],"via":[113],"pilot":[115,147],"study,":[116],"resulting":[119],"validates":[121],"our":[122,138],"work;":[127],"empirical":[129],"derivation":[130],"process":[131],"also":[132],"allows":[133],"evolution":[136],"understanding":[139],"faults":[142],"improves.":[143],"Results":[144],"study":[148],"show":[149],"interact":[152],"complex":[154],"ways;":[155],"GUI's":[157],"response":[158],"may":[162],"vary":[163],"depending":[164],"on":[165,237],"context":[167],"established":[168],"by":[169],"preceding":[170],"execution":[174],"order.":[175],"The":[176],"helps":[179],"testers":[180],"understand":[182],"nature":[184],"interactions":[186],"between":[187],"when":[190],"executed":[191],"why":[196],"certain":[197],"detect":[199],"faults,":[200],"so":[201],"they":[203],"can":[204],"better":[205],"space.":[209],"New":[210],"adequacy":[212],"criteria":[213,223],"defined":[215],"EIG;":[218],"new":[219],"algorithms":[220],"use":[221],"these":[222],"systematically":[227],"shown":[233],"effective":[236],"four":[238],"fielded":[239],"open-source":[240],"applications.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}