{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111529120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1414471.1414494","title":"A comparative test of web accessibility evaluation methods","display_name":"A comparative test of web accessibility evaluation methods","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111529120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1414471.1414494","mag":"2111529120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1414471.1414494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1414471.1414494","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062163634","display_name":"Giorgio Brajnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-7676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Brajnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Udine, Udine, Italy","University of Udine, Udine, (Italy)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Udine, Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Udine, Udine, (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062163634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98524695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"113","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-walkthrough","display_name":"Software walkthrough","score":0.7503173351287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility","display_name":"Web accessibility","score":0.7373113036155701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.727635383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7166508436203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6953002214431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.5622696876525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-walkthrough","display_name":"Cognitive walkthrough","score":0.5136546492576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5075918436050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4745907485485077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-inspection","display_name":"Usability inspection","score":0.46755850315093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.411997526884079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3246856927871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-evaluation","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","score":0.3097134530544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.24824166297912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22590038180351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.21811050176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.20390823483467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2021295428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-standards","display_name":"Web standards","score":0.13314449787139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.08301135897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07435914874076843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46110900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11702993","display_name":"Software walkthrough","level":5,"score":0.7503173351287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194669863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808932","display_name":"Web accessibility","level":4,"score":0.7373113036155701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.727635383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7166508436203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6953002214431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.5622696876525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87105883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107002","display_name":"Cognitive walkthrough","level":4,"score":0.5136546492576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5075918436050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4745907485485077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23456302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901668","display_name":"Usability inspection","level":4,"score":0.46755850315093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.411997526884079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3246856927871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3255780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616517","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","level":3,"score":0.3097134530544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.24824166297912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22590038180351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.21811050176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.20390823483467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2021295428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.13314449787139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.08301135897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07435914874076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1414471.1414494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1414471.1414494","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.144.2005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.144.2005","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dimi.uniud.it/~giorgio/papers/bw-study-assets08.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.uniud.it:11390/737533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11390/737533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401163","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (University of Udine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","host_organization_name":"University of Udine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495649899","https://openalex.org/W1542696736","https://openalex.org/W1807761271","https://openalex.org/W1974490123","https://openalex.org/W2004067246","https://openalex.org/W2050229001","https://openalex.org/W2083939386","https://openalex.org/W2089420500","https://openalex.org/W2101451656","https://openalex.org/W2101512165","https://openalex.org/W2103581974","https://openalex.org/W2124776693","https://openalex.org/W2151854647","https://openalex.org/W2799502637","https://openalex.org/W4243671897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W147331940","https://openalex.org/W4407838960","https://openalex.org/W2187859254","https://openalex.org/W4244498641","https://openalex.org/W4399360051","https://openalex.org/W2155602934","https://openalex.org/W2479906004","https://openalex.org/W2109428365","https://openalex.org/W2083557443","https://openalex.org/W1998771435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accessibility":[0],"auditors":[1],"have":[2],"to":[3,28,45,65,68,73,154,161],"choose":[4],"a":[5,78,88,115,128],"method":[6],"when":[7],"evaluating":[8],"accessibility:":[9,48],"expert":[10],"review":[11,80],"(a.k.a.":[12],"conformance":[13,97,112],"testing),":[14],"user":[15],"testing,":[16],"subjective":[17],"evaluations,":[18],"barrier":[19,100,109],"walkthrough":[20],"are":[21],"some":[22],"possibilities.":[23],"However,":[24],"little":[25],"is":[26,43,51,121],"known":[27],"date":[29],"about":[30,53,63],"their":[31],"relative":[32],"strengths":[33],"and":[34,57,71,81,99,137],"weaknesses.":[35],"Furthermore,":[36],"what":[37],"happened":[38],"for":[39,47],"usability":[40],"evaluation":[41,95],"methods":[42],"likely":[44],"repeat":[46],"that":[49],"there":[50],"uncertainty":[52],"not":[54],"only":[55],"pros":[56],"cons":[58],"of":[59,83,91,108,127,146,149],"methods,":[60,84],"but":[61],"also":[62,159],"criteria":[64],"be":[66,162],"used":[67,153],"compare":[69,155],"them":[70],"metrics":[72,152],"measure":[74],"these":[75],"criteria.":[76],"After":[77],"quick":[79],"description":[82,126],"the":[85,125,150,156],"paper":[86],"illustrates":[87],"comparative":[89],"test":[90],"two":[92],"web":[93],"accessibility":[94,135],"methods:":[96],"testing":[98,113],"walkthrough.":[101],"The":[102],"comparison":[103,119],"aims":[104],"at":[105],"determining":[106],"merits":[107],"walkthrough,":[110],"using":[111],"as":[114],"control":[116],"condition.":[117],"A":[118],"framework":[120],"outlined,":[122],"followed":[123],"by":[124],"laboratory":[129],"experiment":[130],"with":[131],"12":[132],"subjects":[133],"(novice":[134],"evaluators),":[136],"its":[138],"results.":[139],"Significant":[140],"differences":[141],"were":[142],"found":[143],"in":[144],"terms":[145],"correctness,":[147],"one":[148],"several":[151],"methods.":[157],"Reliability":[158],"appears":[160],"different.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}