{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992327090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1409060.1409116","title":"Real-time control of physically based simulations using gentle forces","display_name":"Real-time control of physically based simulations using gentle forces","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992327090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1409060.1409116","mag":"1992327090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1409060.1409116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1409060.1409116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/100440/1/real-time%20control.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089078793","display_name":"Jernej Barbi\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-9018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jernej Barbi\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022440000","display_name":"Jovan Popovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-2538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jovan Popovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.5331,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99386386,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7029641270637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6393240690231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6320133805274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5962719917297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-quadratic-regulator","display_name":"Linear-quadratic regulator","score":0.5449666976928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3433000445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.34060919284820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3348100781440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13693344593048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11922770738601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07333743572235107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7029641270637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6393240690231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6320133805274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5962719917297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98779006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2520550","display_name":"Linear-quadratic regulator","level":3,"score":0.5449666976928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3433000445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.34060919284820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3348100781440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13693344593048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11922770738601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07333743572235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1409060.1409116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1409060.1409116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/100440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100440","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/100440/1/real-time%20control.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.141.5465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.141.5465","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~barbic/gentle/BarbicPopovic2008-SIGGRAPHAsia.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.157.9771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.157.9771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://graphics.lcs.mit.edu/pubs/barbic-2008-rcp.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/100440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100440","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/100440/1/real-time%20control.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1992327090.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1992327090.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561021726","https://openalex.org/W1586251222","https://openalex.org/W1929008949","https://openalex.org/W1969783366","https://openalex.org/W1994812575","https://openalex.org/W2001165022","https://openalex.org/W2007272966","https://openalex.org/W2015152775","https://openalex.org/W2017116334","https://openalex.org/W2022890264","https://openalex.org/W2037277559","https://openalex.org/W2039528058","https://openalex.org/W2042183142","https://openalex.org/W2044677264","https://openalex.org/W2046090405","https://openalex.org/W2051567001","https://openalex.org/W2067291656","https://openalex.org/W2067595006","https://openalex.org/W2073531546","https://openalex.org/W2075605912","https://openalex.org/W2078560607","https://openalex.org/W2083334152","https://openalex.org/W2088536902","https://openalex.org/W2089528820","https://openalex.org/W2099945117","https://openalex.org/W2107480792","https://openalex.org/W2118824485","https://openalex.org/W2120894402","https://openalex.org/W2123236823","https://openalex.org/W2124442589","https://openalex.org/W2125298102","https://openalex.org/W2126195192","https://openalex.org/W2130727150","https://openalex.org/W2139093517","https://openalex.org/W2141839129","https://openalex.org/W2143727296","https://openalex.org/W2144909146","https://openalex.org/W2147090978","https://openalex.org/W2151188148","https://openalex.org/W2154492396","https://openalex.org/W2156611301","https://openalex.org/W2159043019","https://openalex.org/W2161755784","https://openalex.org/W2163408698","https://openalex.org/W2170642268","https://openalex.org/W2237109911","https://openalex.org/W2249925049","https://openalex.org/W2295821368","https://openalex.org/W2336236730","https://openalex.org/W2504768348","https://openalex.org/W2766373678","https://openalex.org/W3015303229","https://openalex.org/W4205985701","https://openalex.org/W4231947169","https://openalex.org/W4234731963","https://openalex.org/W4250196415","https://openalex.org/W4250871402","https://openalex.org/W4252718184","https://openalex.org/W4293102147","https://openalex.org/W6635158341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323768008","https://openalex.org/W3131574667","https://openalex.org/W4248382324","https://openalex.org/W4360995134","https://openalex.org/W2387529410","https://openalex.org/W2039473718","https://openalex.org/W3023605104","https://openalex.org/W2018658498","https://openalex.org/W2607757002","https://openalex.org/W2000675896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"have":[2],"brought":[3],"real-time":[4,62,70,105],"physically":[5,71],"based":[6,72],"simulation":[7],"within":[8],"reach,":[9],"but":[10,38],"simulations":[11,23],"are":[12,34,84],"still":[13],"difficult":[14],"to":[15,49,92,123],"control":[16,89],"in":[17,66,104],"real":[18],"time.":[19],"We":[20,56,127],"present":[21],"interactive":[22],"of":[24,88,130],"passive":[25],"systems":[26,79],"such":[27,58],"as":[28],"deformable":[29,133],"solids":[30,134],"or":[31],"fluids":[32],"that":[33,64,138],"not":[35],"only":[36],"fast,":[37],"also":[39],"directable:":[40],"they":[41],"follow":[42],"given":[43],"input":[44,51,113],"trajectories":[45],"while":[46,150],"simultaneously":[47,151],"reacting":[48],"user":[50,148],"and":[52,77,115,135],"other":[53],"unexpected":[54],"disturbances.":[55],"achieve":[57],"directability":[59],"using":[60,117],"a":[61,69,118,142],"controller":[63],"runs":[65],"tandem":[67],"with":[68],"simulation.":[73],"To":[74],"avoid":[75],"stiff":[76],"over-controlled":[78],"where":[80],"the":[81,86,108,112,125],"natural":[82],"dynamics":[83,110],"overpowered,":[85],"injection":[87],"forces":[90,99],"has":[91],"be":[93,101],"minimized.":[94],"This":[95],"search":[96],"for":[97,146],"gentle":[98],"can":[100],"made":[102],"tractable":[103],"by":[106],"linearizing":[107],"system":[109],"around":[111],"trajectory,":[114],"then":[116],"time-varying":[119],"linear":[120],"quadratic":[121],"regulator":[122],"build":[124],"controller.":[126],"show":[128],"examples":[129],"controlled":[131],"complex":[132],"fluids,":[136],"demonstrating":[137],"our":[139],"approach":[140],"generates":[141],"requested":[143],"fixed":[144],"outcome":[145],"reasonable":[147],"inputs,":[149],"providing":[152],"runtime":[153],"motion":[154],"variety.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
