{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051218308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1409060.1409086","title":"A photometric approach for estimating normals and tangents","display_name":"A photometric approach for estimating normals and tangents","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051218308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1409060.1409086","mag":"2051218308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1409060.1409086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1409060.1409086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085703525","display_name":"Michael Holroyd","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Holroyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia'"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia'","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102735732","display_name":"Jason Lawrence","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5422-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Lawrence","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia'"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia'","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104050137","display_name":"Greg Humphreys","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia'"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia'","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073071472","display_name":"Todd Zickler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-1558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Zickler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98588863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangent","display_name":"Tangent","score":0.7838551998138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.772570013999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal","display_name":"Normal","score":0.7611171007156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photometric-stereo","display_name":"Photometric stereo","score":0.7322417497634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangent-space","display_name":"Tangent space","score":0.5795837640762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangent-vector","display_name":"Tangent vector","score":0.5483031868934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.5444709658622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropy","display_name":"Isotropy","score":0.5418146848678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5366451740264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5293211340904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5097091197967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49845314025878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4788627326488495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4285815954208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3906501829624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3809489905834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.35335081815719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.2536865472793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23895162343978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20659330487251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10019803047180176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138187205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131251","display_name":"Tangent","level":2,"score":0.7838551998138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.772570013999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118732077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273176","display_name":"Normal","level":3,"score":0.7611171007156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44365914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120636","display_name":"Photometric stereo","level":3,"score":0.7322417497634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157157409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909601","display_name":"Tangent space","level":2,"score":0.5795837640762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47890412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1179296","display_name":"Tangent vector","level":3,"score":0.5483031868934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5444709658622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.5418146848678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5366451740264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5293211340904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5097091197967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49845314025878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4788627326488495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4285815954208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3906501829624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3809489905834198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.35335081815719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.2536865472793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23895162343978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20659330487251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10019803047180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1409060.1409086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1409060.1409086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.143.6199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.6199","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~jdl/papers/pstereo/holroyd_siga08.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3948453433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0747220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5439976018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0811493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480645733","https://openalex.org/W1494645067","https://openalex.org/W1557590941","https://openalex.org/W1559837137","https://openalex.org/W1973775634","https://openalex.org/W1975089519","https://openalex.org/W2002699656","https://openalex.org/W2010748125","https://openalex.org/W2023507039","https://openalex.org/W2040692352","https://openalex.org/W2044886601","https://openalex.org/W2045932639","https://openalex.org/W2092352808","https://openalex.org/W2097839898","https://openalex.org/W2100810849","https://openalex.org/W2104587129","https://openalex.org/W2105933175","https://openalex.org/W2106805947","https://openalex.org/W2120978234","https://openalex.org/W2122981824","https://openalex.org/W2124805725","https://openalex.org/W2129412583","https://openalex.org/W2134738722","https://openalex.org/W2135940521","https://openalex.org/W2139598575","https://openalex.org/W2144736368","https://openalex.org/W2148494439","https://openalex.org/W2149089336","https://openalex.org/W2149389319","https://openalex.org/W2150925892","https://openalex.org/W2158373453","https://openalex.org/W2160203169","https://openalex.org/W2161446118","https://openalex.org/W2165477640","https://openalex.org/W2165749022","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2238396941","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2911851818","https://openalex.org/W3139268773","https://openalex.org/W3151597212","https://openalex.org/W4232290346","https://openalex.org/W4246951963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285595691","https://openalex.org/W4309710356","https://openalex.org/W4321200844","https://openalex.org/W2013258419","https://openalex.org/W2361271799","https://openalex.org/W2033176506","https://openalex.org/W2071501285","https://openalex.org/W2051218308","https://openalex.org/W2378643372","https://openalex.org/W2354558171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,31,35,52,114],"technique":[4],"for":[5,47],"acquiring":[6],"the":[7,21,58,62,67,76,80,95,106,122,147,151,158],"shape":[8],"of":[9,37,55,61,75,103,117,153,162],"real-world":[10,49],"objects":[11],"with":[12,110,165,177],"complex":[13],"isotropic":[14],"and":[15,24,51,82,128,160,167,173,180],"anisotropic":[16,154],"reflectance.":[17,155],"Our":[18],"method":[19],"estimates":[20,94],"local":[22,68,96],"normal":[23,172],"tangent":[25,149,174],"vectors":[26],"at":[27],"each":[28],"pixel":[29],"in":[30,105,150],"reference":[32],"view":[33,69],"from":[34],"sequence":[36],"images":[38],"taken":[39],"under":[40,73],"varying":[41],"point":[42],"lighting.":[43],"We":[44,156],"show":[45],"that":[46,93,121],"many":[48],"materials":[50],"restricted":[53],"set":[54],"light":[56],"positions,":[57],"2D":[59],"slice":[60],"BRDF":[63],"obtained":[64],"by":[65,99],"fixing":[66],"direction":[70],"is":[71,120,124,129],"symmetric":[72],"reflections":[74],"halfway":[77],"vector":[78],"across":[79],"normal-tangent":[81],"normal-binormal":[83],"planes.":[84],"Based":[85],"on":[86],"this":[87],"analysis,":[88],"we":[89],"develop":[90],"an":[91],"optimization":[92],"surface":[97,148],"frame":[98],"identifying":[100],"these":[101],"planes":[102],"symmetry":[104],"measured":[107,168],"BRDF.":[108],"As":[109],"other":[111],"photometric":[112],"methods,":[113],"key":[115],"benefit":[116],"our":[118,143,163,178],"approach":[119,144,164],"input":[123],"easy":[125],"to":[126,132,183],"acquire":[127],"less":[130],"sensitive":[131],"calibration":[133],"errors":[134],"than":[135],"stereo":[136],"or":[137],"multi-view":[138],"techniques.":[139],"Unlike":[140],"prior":[141],"work,":[142],"allows":[145],"estimating":[146],"case":[152],"confirm":[157],"accuracy":[159],"reliability":[161],"analytic":[166],"data,":[169],"present":[170],"several":[171],"fields":[175],"acquired":[176],"technique,":[179],"demonstrate":[181],"applications":[182],"appearance":[184],"editing.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
