{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024562548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1408664.1408667","title":"Personal knowledge questions for fallback authentication","display_name":"Personal knowledge questions for fallback authentication","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024562548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1408664.1408667","mag":"2024562548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1408664.1408667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1408664.1408667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053175008","display_name":"Ariel Rabkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ariel Rabkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley","UC BERKELEY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC BERKELEY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053175008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.7407,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":184,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9969587,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.646865963935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6414535045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.6322504281997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.592985212802887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5433968901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5320542454719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5246696472167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5145499110221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.46323463320732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-computer-interaction-in-information-security","display_name":"Human-computer interaction in information security","score":0.4193783402442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37385573983192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.20863187313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.19884100556373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.09380996227264404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.646865963935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6414535045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.6322504281997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.592985212802887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5433968901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5320542454719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5246696472167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5145499110221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.46323463320732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6353995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027910","display_name":"Human-computer interaction in information security","level":5,"score":0.4193783402442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37385573983192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.20863187313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.19884100556373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.09380996227264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1408664.1408667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1408664.1408667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W994156","https://openalex.org/W173470260","https://openalex.org/W1509135693","https://openalex.org/W1568951788","https://openalex.org/W1857870385","https://openalex.org/W1999298106","https://openalex.org/W2008257424","https://openalex.org/W2036862790","https://openalex.org/W2063539698","https://openalex.org/W2132280055","https://openalex.org/W2156246128","https://openalex.org/W4239223658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3109318518","https://openalex.org/W2025043113","https://openalex.org/W1967528062","https://openalex.org/W2024488177","https://openalex.org/W2766905531","https://openalex.org/W2063961455","https://openalex.org/W96636389","https://openalex.org/W1537544362","https://openalex.org/W89196093","https://openalex.org/W2793054839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"questions":[1,40,53,62,104,117],"(or":[2],"challenge":[3],"questions)":[4],"are":[5,118],"commonly":[6],"used":[7,119],"to":[8,66],"authenticate":[9],"users":[10],"who":[11],"have":[12],"lost":[13],"their":[14,64],"passwords.":[15],"We":[16,47,56,97],"examined":[17],"the":[18,51,67,81],"password":[19],"retrieval":[20],"mechanisms":[21],"for":[22,114],"a":[23,106],"number":[24],"of":[25,33,69,83,101],"personal":[26,60,75],"banking":[27],"websites,":[28],"and":[29,44,86],"found":[30],"that":[31,58,110],"many":[32],"them":[34],"rely":[35],"in":[36,50,120],"part":[37],"on":[38],"security":[39,45,52,61,87,103],"with":[41,105],"serious":[42],"usability":[43],"weaknesses.":[46],"discuss":[48],"patterns":[49],"we":[54],"observed.":[55],"argue":[57],"today's":[59],"owe":[63],"strength":[65],"hardness":[68,82],"an":[70],"information-retrieval":[71],"problem.":[72],"However,":[73],"as":[74],"information":[76],"becomes":[77],"ubiquitously":[78],"available":[79],"online,":[80],"this":[84],"problem,":[85],"provided":[88],"by":[89],"such":[90,116],"questions,":[91],"will":[92],"likely":[93],"diminish":[94],"over":[95],"time.":[96],"supplement":[98],"our":[99],"survey":[100],"bank":[102],"small":[107],"user":[108],"study":[109],"supplies":[111],"some":[112],"context":[113],"how":[115],"practice.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}