{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127125497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1403027.1403046","title":"Incentivizing outsourced computation","display_name":"Incentivizing outsourced computation","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127125497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1403027.1403046","mag":"2127125497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1403027.1403046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1403027.1403046","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1403027.1403046","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Economics of networked systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1403027.1403046","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002135533","display_name":"Mira Belenkiy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mira Belenkiy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA","Microsoft Redmond, WA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Redmond, WA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016806686","display_name":"Melissa Chase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8333-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Chase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033733407","display_name":"C. Chris Erway","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Chris Erway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088964361","display_name":"John Jannotti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Jannotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084813943","display_name":"Alpteki\u0307n K\u00fcp\u00e7\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-2206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alptekin K\u00fcp\u00e7\u00fc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009958147","display_name":"Anna Lysyanskaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-3550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Lysyanskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002135533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":102,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98448734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8123009204864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7800719141960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.7373268008232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.673317551612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6666765213012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6663112640380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6518805027008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.606990396976471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boss","display_name":"Boss","score":0.5143476724624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43866145610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12303069233894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12297782301902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09293022751808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07748883962631226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8123009204864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7800719141960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.7373268008232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.673317551612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6666765213012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6663112640380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6518805027008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.606990396976471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777020290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4947493","display_name":"Boss","level":2,"score":0.5143476724624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43866145610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12303069233894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12297782301902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09293022751808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07748883962631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1403027.1403046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1403027.1403046","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1403027.1403046","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Economics of networked systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1403027.1403046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1403027.1403046","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1403027.1403046","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Economics of networked systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4940341287","display_name":"CT-ISG:  Reconciling Accountability with Anonymity in P2P Systems","funder_award_id":"0627553","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309070","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2127125497.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2127125497.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32654648","https://openalex.org/W1496069628","https://openalex.org/W1506068270","https://openalex.org/W1556207955","https://openalex.org/W1572298076","https://openalex.org/W1976037760","https://openalex.org/W2099323800","https://openalex.org/W2110982196","https://openalex.org/W2120372273","https://openalex.org/W2293878697","https://openalex.org/W4236798639","https://openalex.org/W6601342091","https://openalex.org/W6697004767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3210524396","https://openalex.org/W1996775904","https://openalex.org/W2136244850","https://openalex.org/W1496945489","https://openalex.org/W2092774949","https://openalex.org/W3007787046","https://openalex.org/W2384794170","https://openalex.org/W2376068818","https://openalex.org/W135799652","https://openalex.org/W4402680632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"different":[2],"strategies":[3],"a":[4,42,81],"central":[5],"authority,":[6],"the":[7],"boss,":[8],"can":[9],"use":[10],"to":[11,14,33,70,89,94],"distribute":[12],"computation":[13,32],"untrusted":[15],"contractors.":[16],"Our":[17],"problem":[18],"is":[19],"inspired":[20],"by":[21,74],"volunteer":[22],"distributed":[23],"computing":[24,50],"projects":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27,46,49],"[email":[28],"protected],":[29],"which":[30],"outsource":[31],"large":[34],"numbers":[35],"of":[36],"participants.":[37],"For":[38],"many":[39],"tasks,":[40],"verifying":[41],"task's":[43],"output":[44],"requires":[45],"much":[47],"work":[48],"it":[51],"again;":[52],"additionally,":[53],"some":[54],"tasks":[55],"may":[56,68,86],"produce":[57],"certain":[58],"outputs":[59],"with":[60],"greater":[61],"probability":[62],"than":[63],"others.":[64],"A":[65],"selfish":[66],"contractor":[67],"try":[69],"exploit":[71],"these":[72],"factors,":[73],"submitting":[75],"potentially":[76],"incorrect":[77],"results":[78],"and":[79],"claiming":[80],"reward.":[82],"Further,":[83],"malicious":[84],"contractors":[85],"respond":[87],"incorrectly,":[88],"cause":[90],"direct":[91],"harm":[92],"or":[93],"create":[95],"additional":[96],"overhead":[97],"for":[98],"result-checking.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
