{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122537498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1390156.1390190","title":"Confidence-weighted linear classification","display_name":"Confidence-weighted linear classification","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122537498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1390156.1390190","mag":"2122537498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1390156.1390190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1390156.1390190","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning - ICML '08","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024437840","display_name":"Mark Dredze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-2474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Dredze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006419939","display_name":"Koby Crammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-5747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koby Crammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044708805","display_name":"Fernando Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6100-947X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024437840"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":41.1259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":376,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99827548,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"264","last_page":"271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6895663738250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6358749866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6118968725204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.5444106459617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5016453266143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5005548000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4943058490753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-classifier","display_name":"Linear classifier","score":0.4864489734172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4719381034374237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42638036608695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4166605770587921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23194533586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22457897663116455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6895663738250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6358749866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6118968725204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5444106459617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5016453266143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5005548000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4943058490753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139532973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679259","display_name":"Linear classifier","level":3,"score":0.4864489734172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4719381034374237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42638036608695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4166605770587921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23194533586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22457897663116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1390156.1390190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1390156.1390190","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning - ICML '08","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.149.7786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.149.7786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://icml2008.cs.helsinki.fi/papers/322.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494289067","https://openalex.org/W1556849888","https://openalex.org/W1746819321","https://openalex.org/W2012715465","https://openalex.org/W2018786844","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2119076496","https://openalex.org/W2150102617","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2160218441","https://openalex.org/W2163302275","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2595142274","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4300066510","https://openalex.org/W1971337326","https://openalex.org/W2056958800","https://openalex.org/W4213259725","https://openalex.org/W4311388919","https://openalex.org/W1964490787","https://openalex.org/W2060696366","https://openalex.org/W1964286703","https://openalex.org/W2169866437","https://openalex.org/W3112445271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1],"confidence-weighted":[2],"linear":[3,11],"classifiers,":[4],"which":[5],"add":[6],"parameter":[7,40],"confidence":[8],"information":[9],"to":[10,86],"classifiers.":[12],"Online":[13],"learners":[14],"in":[15,79],"this":[16],"setting":[17],"update":[18,43],"both":[19],"classifier":[20,88],"parameters":[21],"and":[22,42,46,74,83],"the":[23,44,49,71,80],"estimate":[24],"of":[25,48,59,70],"their":[26],"confidence.":[27],"The":[28],"particular":[29],"online":[30,73,81],"algorithms":[31],"we":[32],"study":[33],"here":[34],"maintain":[35],"a":[36,57],"Gaussian":[37],"distribution":[38,50],"over":[39,67],"vectors":[41],"mean":[45],"covariance":[47],"with":[51],"each":[52],"instance.":[53],"Empirical":[54],"evaluation":[55],"on":[56],"range":[58],"NLP":[60],"tasks":[61],"show":[62],"that":[63],"our":[64],"algorithm":[65],"improves":[66],"other":[68],"state":[69],"art":[72],"batch":[75],"methods,":[76],"learns":[77],"faster":[78],"setting,":[82],"lends":[84],"itself":[85],"better":[87],"combination":[89],"after":[90],"parallel":[91],"training.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":30}],"updated_date":"2026-05-11T08:15:01.531666","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
