{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982014231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1389095.1389264","title":"Unsupervised learning of echo state networks","display_name":"Unsupervised learning of echo state networks","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982014231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1389095.1389264","mag":"1982014231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1389095.1389264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1389095.1389264","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103166906","display_name":"Fei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-7877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126360","display_name":"Inria Saclay - \u00cele de France","ror":"https://ror.org/0315e5x55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Saclay, Orsay, France","Inria Saclay, Orsay, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Saclay, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Saclay, Orsay, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021999741","display_name":"Hugues Berry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126360","display_name":"Inria Saclay - \u00cele de France","ror":"https://ror.org/0315e5x55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugues Berry","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Saclay, Orsay, France","Inria Saclay, Orsay, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Saclay, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Saclay, Orsay, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081938847","display_name":"Marc Schoenauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1450-6830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126360","display_name":"Inria Saclay - \u00cele de France","ror":"https://ror.org/0315e5x55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Schoenauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Saclay, Orsay, France","Inria Saclay, Orsay, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Saclay, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Saclay, Orsay, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103166906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7162,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86789309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"869","last_page":"870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.6766455173492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6709675788879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6633418798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","score":0.5493178963661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.519864559173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-state-network","display_name":"Echo state network","score":0.5100041627883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.5062412619590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservoir-computing","display_name":"Reservoir computing","score":0.48233291506767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-learning","display_name":"Competitive learning","score":0.4745389223098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4719504415988922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.46881580352783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.4645070731639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.4599134027957916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45981013774871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4547828733921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.45242369174957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16293737292289734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6766455173492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6709675788879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6633418798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.5493178963661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.519864559173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172025690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5332763","display_name":"Echo state network","level":4,"score":0.5100041627883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.5062412619590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135796866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315328","display_name":"Reservoir computing","level":4,"score":0.48233291506767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120822770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156355","display_name":"Competitive learning","level":3,"score":0.4745389223098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4719504415988922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46881580352783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4645070731639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.4599134027957916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45981013774871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4547828733921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.45242369174957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16293737292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1389095.1389264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1389095.1389264","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547737196","https://openalex.org/W1605438009","https://openalex.org/W1769038400","https://openalex.org/W2125523964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W57315087","https://openalex.org/W2010974764","https://openalex.org/W4386848428","https://openalex.org/W4205631599","https://openalex.org/W2021379535","https://openalex.org/W2020067398","https://openalex.org/W2967225774","https://openalex.org/W4292972806","https://openalex.org/W2749300598","https://openalex.org/W2098239572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"possible":[1],"alternative":[2],"to":[3,13,58,67,81,88,103],"fine":[4],"topology":[5],"tuning":[6],"for":[7,38],"Neural":[8],"Network":[9],"(NN)":[10],"optimization":[11,53],"is":[12,79,100],"use":[14],"Echo":[15],"State":[16],"Networks":[17],"(ESNs),":[18],"recurrent":[19],"NNs":[20],"built":[21],"upon":[22],"a":[23,74],"large":[24],"reservoir":[25],"of":[26,33,71,109],"sparsely":[27],"randomly":[28],"connected":[29],"neurons.":[30],"The":[31,93],"promises":[32],"ESNs":[34,110],"have":[35],"been":[36],"fulfilled":[37],"supervised":[39,76],"learning":[40,44,70,77,108],"tasks,":[41,45],"but":[42],"unsupervised":[43,106],"such":[46],"as":[47],"control":[48,98],"problems,":[49],"require":[50],"more":[51],"flexible":[52],"methods.":[54,119],"We":[55],"propose":[56],"here":[57],"apply":[59],"state-of-the-art":[60],"methods":[61],"in":[62],"evolutionary":[63,69,107],"continuous":[64],"parameter":[65],"optimization,":[66],"the":[68,89,116],"ESN.":[72],"First,":[73],"standard":[75,90],"problem":[78,99],"used":[80,102],"validate":[82],"our":[83],"approach":[84],"and":[85],"compare":[86],"it":[87],"quadratic":[91],"one.":[92],"classical":[94],"double":[95],"pole":[96],"balancing":[97],"then":[101],"demonstrate":[104],"that":[105,113],"yields":[111],"results":[112],"compete":[114],"with":[115],"best":[117],"topology-learning":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
