{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038054561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1388969.1389042","title":"Developing neural structure of two agents that play checkers using cartesian genetic programming","display_name":"Developing neural structure of two agents that play checkers using cartesian genetic programming","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038054561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1388969.1389042","mag":"2038054561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1388969.1389042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1388969.1389042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060203725","display_name":"Gul Muhammad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-9372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gul Muhammad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York, York, UNK, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York, York, UNK, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077881387","display_name":"Julian F. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-9655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Francis Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026981278","display_name":"David M. Halliday","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9957-0983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Halliday","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York, York, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060203725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78108461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2169","last_page":"2174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.6954614520072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6806331872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6637964248657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5180290341377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.48414215445518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartesian-coordinate-system","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","score":0.469830721616745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4470040798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-evolution","display_name":"Grammatical evolution","score":0.41711196303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32076606154441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15991055965423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09700986742973328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.6954614520072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6806331872940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6637964248657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5180290341377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.48414215445518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16038011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.469830721616745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4470040798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10906938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593687","display_name":"Grammatical evolution","level":3,"score":0.41711196303367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32076606154441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15991055965423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09700986742973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1388969.1389042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1388969.1389042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.153.811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.153.811","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~wbl/biblio/gecco2008/docs/p2169.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43207804","https://openalex.org/W123765585","https://openalex.org/W286879733","https://openalex.org/W1486894692","https://openalex.org/W1494895283","https://openalex.org/W1544145404","https://openalex.org/W1596643823","https://openalex.org/W1601896814","https://openalex.org/W1775913388","https://openalex.org/W1970647289","https://openalex.org/W2075567596","https://openalex.org/W2111882953","https://openalex.org/W2138178898","https://openalex.org/W2202514763","https://openalex.org/W2884825245","https://openalex.org/W3198350258","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388218372","https://openalex.org/W6605119337","https://openalex.org/W6610424549","https://openalex.org/W6636133999","https://openalex.org/W6638085146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605210233","https://openalex.org/W2065481307","https://openalex.org/W66727908","https://openalex.org/W3006865984","https://openalex.org/W2003947101","https://openalex.org/W4385213092","https://openalex.org/W2487304978","https://openalex.org/W1608608607","https://openalex.org/W2098048287","https://openalex.org/W4388850196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"developmental":[1],"model":[2],"of":[3,13,108,146],"neural":[4,147],"network":[5,16,32,43],"is":[6,17,99],"presented":[7],"and":[8,33,60,62,70,92,121],"evaluated":[9],"in":[10,56,72,128],"the":[11,78,114,143],"game":[12],"Checkers.":[14],"The":[15,42,81,101],"developed":[18],"using":[19],"cartesian":[20],"genetic":[21,49,138],"programs":[22,50],"(CGP)":[23],"as":[24],"genotypes.":[25],"Two":[26],"agents":[27,115,125],"are":[28,134],"provided":[29],"with":[30,66],"this":[31],"allowed":[34],"to":[35,74,117],"co-evolve":[36],"untill":[37],"they":[38],"start":[39],"playing":[40,97,111],"better.":[41],"that":[44,126],"occurs":[45],"by":[46,110],"running":[47],"theses":[48],"has":[51,83],"a":[52,106,137],"highly":[53],"dynamic":[54],"morphology":[55],"which":[57],"neurons":[58],"grow,":[59],"die,":[61],"neurite":[63],"branches":[64],"together":[65],"synaptic":[67],"connections":[68],"form":[69],"change":[71],"response":[73],"situations":[75],"encountered":[76],"on":[77],"checkers":[79,98],"board.":[80],"method":[82],"no":[84,88,93],"board":[85],"evaluation":[86],"function,":[87],"explicit":[89],"learning":[90,132],"rules":[91],"human":[94],"expertise":[95],"at":[96,136,142],"used.":[100],"results":[102],"show":[103],"that,":[104],"after":[105],"number":[107],"generations,":[109],"each":[112],"other":[113],"begin":[116],"play":[118],"much":[119],"better":[120],"can":[122],"easily":[123],"beat":[124],"occur":[127],"earlier":[129],"generations.":[130],"Such":[131],"abilities":[133],"encoded":[135],"level":[139,145],"rather":[140],"than":[141],"phenotype":[144],"connections.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
