{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098335856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387668","title":"Implementing public-key infrastructure for sensor networks","display_name":"Implementing public-key infrastructure for sensor networks","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098335856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387668","mag":"2098335856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1387663.1387668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2962661","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037466176","display_name":"David J. Malan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David J. Malan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047819447","display_name":"Matt Welsh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Welsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058599127","display_name":"Michael D. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-7923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037466176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.2434,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9946528,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7833176255226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.630412757396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.605804979801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.565860390663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5391526222229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.5389611721038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4732554256916046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution","display_name":"Key distribution","score":0.4686312675476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4499906897544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.44483301043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39585673809051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35012903809547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.2673625946044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18339359760284424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7833176255226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.630412757396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.605804979801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.565860390663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5391526222229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5389611721038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4732554256916046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160333310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398153","display_name":"Key distribution","level":4,"score":0.4686312675476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4499906897544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.44483301043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39585673809051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35012903809547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.2673625946044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18339359760284424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1387663.1387668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1387663.1387668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/2962661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2962661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.145.5928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.145.5928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://now.cs.berkeley.edu/~mdw/papers/tinyecc-tosn.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.332.3946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.332.3946","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cs.harvard.edu/malan/publications/a22-malan.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/2962661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2962661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6879467080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"310877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332688","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79790369","https://openalex.org/W178881929","https://openalex.org/W184122403","https://openalex.org/W1490476950","https://openalex.org/W1498685334","https://openalex.org/W1508193711","https://openalex.org/W1508888458","https://openalex.org/W1509224204","https://openalex.org/W1521649858","https://openalex.org/W1524814392","https://openalex.org/W1525451859","https://openalex.org/W1526011068","https://openalex.org/W1545289068","https://openalex.org/W1557191373","https://openalex.org/W1560768562","https://openalex.org/W1567573409","https://openalex.org/W1578321116","https://openalex.org/W1581622364","https://openalex.org/W1584913488","https://openalex.org/W1586130370","https://openalex.org/W1600308461","https://openalex.org/W1644344319","https://openalex.org/W1802419104","https://openalex.org/W1860992226","https://openalex.org/W1956043843","https://openalex.org/W1966677764","https://openalex.org/W1967984328","https://openalex.org/W1969728959","https://openalex.org/W1971903460","https://openalex.org/W1994386233","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2004814164","https://openalex.org/W2028358228","https://openalex.org/W2033751220","https://openalex.org/W2036378739","https://openalex.org/W2053134894","https://openalex.org/W2059100132","https://openalex.org/W2066464272","https://openalex.org/W2082049784","https://openalex.org/W2084836129","https://openalex.org/W2086828313","https://openalex.org/W2088091599","https://openalex.org/W2089558473","https://openalex.org/W2099317248","https://openalex.org/W2104532741","https://openalex.org/W2110936068","https://openalex.org/W2114495437","https://openalex.org/W2132063004","https://openalex.org/W2135401919","https://openalex.org/W2137393540","https://openalex.org/W2141888128","https://openalex.org/W2148658274","https://openalex.org/W2148922257","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2158594237","https://openalex.org/W2161531038","https://openalex.org/W2164478452","https://openalex.org/W2166590729","https://openalex.org/W2174877860","https://openalex.org/W2286477783","https://openalex.org/W2555153046","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2786751220","https://openalex.org/W2913761579","https://openalex.org/W2913924868","https://openalex.org/W2914943994","https://openalex.org/W2941287271","https://openalex.org/W2949521824","https://openalex.org/W3092908763","https://openalex.org/W3215152605","https://openalex.org/W4210597212","https://openalex.org/W4246110294","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6630501963","https://openalex.org/W6632724422","https://openalex.org/W6651121328","https://openalex.org/W6831497617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099647107","https://openalex.org/W1950779939","https://openalex.org/W2579503083","https://openalex.org/W2339206309","https://openalex.org/W2888183313","https://openalex.org/W1966025096","https://openalex.org/W2117667232","https://openalex.org/W2126037447","https://openalex.org/W2747959438","https://openalex.org/W2559517372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,28,46,146,186,206],"present":[1],"a":[2,33,92,167,201],"critical":[3],"evaluation":[4],"of":[5,10,41,69,104,120,126,179,184,200,210],"the":[6,23,31,39,50,62,144,171],"first":[7],"known":[8],"implementation":[9,123],"elliptic":[11,130],"curve":[12],"cryptography":[13,42,79],"over":[14,176],"F":[15],"2":[16,195],"p":[17],"for":[18,35,43,86,97,102,124,138,198,214],"sensor":[19,44,168],"networks":[20],"based":[21,226],"on":[22,61,129,143,227],"8-bit,":[24],"7.3828-MHz":[25],"MICA2":[26],"mote.":[27],"offer,":[29],"along":[30],"way,":[32],"primer":[34],"those":[36],"interested":[37],"in":[38,48,83,166],"field":[40],"networks.":[45],"discuss,":[47],"particular,":[49],"decisions":[51],"underlying":[52,64],"our":[53,65,121,211,228,235],"design":[54],"and":[55,157,181,219,232],"alternatives":[56],"thereto.":[57],"And":[58,221],"we":[59,74,116,222],"elaborate":[60],"methodologies":[63],"evaluation.":[66],"Through":[67],"instrumentation":[68],"UC":[70],"Berkeley's":[71],"TinySec":[72,139],"module,":[73],"argue":[75],"that,":[76],"although":[77],"symmetric":[78],"has":[80,90,112],"been":[81,113],"tractable":[82],"this":[84],"domain":[85],"some":[87],"time,":[88,173],"there":[89],"remained":[91],"need,":[93],"unfulfilled":[94],"until":[95],"recently,":[96],"an":[98],"efficient,":[99],"secure":[100],"mechanism":[101],"distribution":[103],"secret":[105],"keys":[106,150],"among":[107,164,204],"nodes.":[108,205],"Although":[109],"public-key":[110,133],"infrastructure":[111,134],"thought":[114],"impractical,":[115],"show,":[117],"through":[118],"analysis":[119],"original":[122],"TinyOS":[125],"point":[127],"multiplication":[128],"curves,":[131],"that":[132,148,158,188,230],"is":[135],"indeed":[136],"viable":[137],"keys'":[140],"distribution,":[141],"even":[142],"MICA2.":[145],"demonstrate":[147,187],"public":[149,202],"can":[151,161],"be":[152,162],"generated":[153],"within":[154,170],"34":[155,182],"seconds":[156],"shared":[159],"secrets":[160],"distributed":[163],"nodes":[165],"network":[169],"same":[172],"using":[174],"just":[175],"1":[177],"kilobyte":[178],"SRAM":[180],"kilobytes":[183],"ROM.":[185],"communication":[189],"costs":[190],"are":[191],"minimal,":[192],"with":[193],"only":[194],"packets":[196],"required":[197],"transmission":[199],"key":[203],"make":[207],"available":[208],"all":[209],"source":[212],"code":[213],"other":[215],"researchers":[216],"to":[217],"download":[218],"use.":[220],"discuss":[223],"recent":[224],"results":[225],"work":[229],"corroborate":[231],"improve":[233],"upon":[234],"conclusions.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}