{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027029004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1375696.1375713","title":"Lagrange multipliers and maximum information leakage in different observational models","display_name":"Lagrange multipliers and maximum information leakage in different observational models","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027029004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1375696.1375713","mag":"2027029004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1375696.1375713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1375696.1375713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Programming languages and analysis for security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070622642","display_name":"Pasquale Malacaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-1541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Malacaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325106","display_name":"Han Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8112-5961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98619602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"135","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.7298903465270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.6734702587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6591628789901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6307346820831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4797131419181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.47487112879753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.4550406336784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-of-information","display_name":"Value of information","score":0.4229838252067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3764529824256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2483673393726349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16747647523880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16441938281059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15656927227973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08263882994651794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.7298903465270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.6734702587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6591628789901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6307346820831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4797131419181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.47487112879753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4550406336784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92424840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7912772","display_name":"Value of information","level":2,"score":0.4229838252067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3764529824256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2483673393726349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16747647523880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16441938281059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15656927227973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08263882994651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1375696.1375713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1375696.1375713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Programming languages and analysis for security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489154805","https://openalex.org/W1553894716","https://openalex.org/W1882297107","https://openalex.org/W1964831830","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2039319436","https://openalex.org/W2041905826","https://openalex.org/W2044442377","https://openalex.org/W2056277260","https://openalex.org/W2078114603","https://openalex.org/W2094873755","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2100019646","https://openalex.org/W2103759928","https://openalex.org/W2111047729","https://openalex.org/W2122049982","https://openalex.org/W2123838014","https://openalex.org/W2130241416","https://openalex.org/W2147436337","https://openalex.org/W2152976548","https://openalex.org/W2168686464","https://openalex.org/W2222445509","https://openalex.org/W3039999392","https://openalex.org/W4238789074","https://openalex.org/W4353004773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074745806","https://openalex.org/W1997033546","https://openalex.org/W3123987581","https://openalex.org/W2358406440","https://openalex.org/W2352435628","https://openalex.org/W3175365978","https://openalex.org/W2392897293","https://openalex.org/W2027804718","https://openalex.org/W2946162884","https://openalex.org/W806739960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"two":[3],"fundamental":[4],"issues":[5],"in":[6,22],"Language":[7],"based":[8],"security.":[9],"The":[10],"first":[11],"is":[12,35],"to":[13,37],"provide":[14],"a":[15,52,60],"quantitative":[16],"definition":[17],"of":[18,41,51,67],"information":[19],"leakage":[20],"valid":[21],"several":[23],"attacker's":[24],"models.":[25],"We":[26],"consider":[27],"attackers":[28],"with":[29],"different":[30],"capabilities;":[31],"the":[32,39,42,49,54,68],"strongest":[33],"one":[34,56],"able":[36],"observe":[38,59],"value":[40,63],"low":[43,62],"variables":[44],"at":[45,64],"each":[46],"step":[47],"during":[48],"execution":[50],"program;":[53],"weakest":[55],"can":[57],"only":[58],"single":[61],"some":[65],"stage":[66],"execution.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}