{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014917736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1374376.1374481","title":"Algebrization","display_name":"Algebrization","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014917736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1374376.1374481","mag":"2014917736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1374376.1374481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1374376.1374481","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the fortieth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020769134","display_name":"Scott Aaronson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Aaronson","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT, Cambridge MA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039043184","display_name":"Avi Wigderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1539-1417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40036882","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/00f809463","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40036882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avi Wigderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40036882"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020769134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.4385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99372914,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"731","last_page":"740"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.7600287199020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5192180275917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3680642545223236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3519979417324066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7600287199020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5192180275917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3680642545223236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3519979417324066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1374376.1374481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1374376.1374481","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the fortieth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50958263","https://openalex.org/W99342914","https://openalex.org/W188525652","https://openalex.org/W247655530","https://openalex.org/W1205694693","https://openalex.org/W1484001631","https://openalex.org/W1973874352","https://openalex.org/W1980223785","https://openalex.org/W1988127406","https://openalex.org/W1991730713","https://openalex.org/W1993138363","https://openalex.org/W2000070319","https://openalex.org/W2011112377","https://openalex.org/W2012496360","https://openalex.org/W2027221236","https://openalex.org/W2049016755","https://openalex.org/W2053590396","https://openalex.org/W2060270693","https://openalex.org/W2062767125","https://openalex.org/W2062934582","https://openalex.org/W2070486524","https://openalex.org/W2070678975","https://openalex.org/W2082647621","https://openalex.org/W2083237534","https://openalex.org/W2085025327","https://openalex.org/W2086290259","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2092018479","https://openalex.org/W2092429268","https://openalex.org/W2097206148","https://openalex.org/W2114522915","https://openalex.org/W2119407990","https://openalex.org/W2125495920","https://openalex.org/W2130515620","https://openalex.org/W2137407595","https://openalex.org/W2140270919","https://openalex.org/W2150157290","https://openalex.org/W2156001253","https://openalex.org/W2158747250","https://openalex.org/W2163605617","https://openalex.org/W2293988196","https://openalex.org/W2296506534","https://openalex.org/W2912080987","https://openalex.org/W4241108585","https://openalex.org/W4256317935","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6607765204","https://openalex.org/W6627934860","https://openalex.org/W6628771293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2808944898","https://openalex.org/W3196207352","https://openalex.org/W2951724202","https://openalex.org/W3084261076","https://openalex.org/W1996614773","https://openalex.org/W4387820098","https://openalex.org/W2576399385","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2963408011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Any":[0],"proof":[1],"of":[2,43],"P!=NP":[3],"will":[4],"have":[5,20,31],"to":[6,50],"overcome":[7,35],"two":[8],"barriers:":[9],"relativization":[10],"and":[11],"natural":[12],"proofs.":[13],"Yet":[14],"over":[15],"the":[16,40,53],"last":[17],"decade,":[18],"we":[19],"seen":[21],"circuit":[22],"lower":[23],"bounds":[24],"(for":[25],"example,":[26],"that":[27,34],"PP":[28],"does":[29],"not":[30],"linear-size":[32],"circuits)":[33],"both":[36],"barriers":[37],"simultaneously.":[38],"So":[39],"question":[41],"arises":[42],"whether":[44],"there":[45],"is":[46],"a":[47],"third":[48],"barrier":[49],"progress":[51],"on":[52],"central":[54],"questions":[55],"in":[56],"complexity":[57],"theory.":[58]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}