{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008914037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367502","title":"Keysurf","display_name":"Keysurf","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008914037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367502","mag":"2008914037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1367497.1367502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005503537","display_name":"Leo Spalteholz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Spalteholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","University of Victoria , Victoria , BC, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria , Victoria , BC, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011071752","display_name":"Kin Fun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-1577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin Fun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","University of Victoria , Victoria , BC, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria , Victoria , BC, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110901937","display_name":"Nigel J. Livingston","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Livingston","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","University of Victoria , Victoria , BC, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria , Victoria , BC, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031349141","display_name":"Foad Hamidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1991-6062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Foad Hamidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","University of Victoria , Victoria , BC, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria , Victoria , BC, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8963964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8219802379608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.6402689218521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-navigation","display_name":"Web navigation","score":0.5778129696846008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.5748924016952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5741068124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5736746788024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5296943783760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5226973295211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5167390704154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4345993399620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.4103807806968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.41014498472213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.32531893253326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12981006503105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0952211320400238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8219802379608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.6402689218521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61096286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978592","display_name":"Web navigation","level":3,"score":0.5778129696846008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.5748924016952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5741068124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5736746788024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5296943783760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5226973295211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5167390704154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4345993399620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.4103807806968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41014498472213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.32531893253326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12981006503105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0952211320400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1367497.1367502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001944686","https://openalex.org/W2004195178","https://openalex.org/W2011721716","https://openalex.org/W2027865943","https://openalex.org/W2050037476","https://openalex.org/W2053457260","https://openalex.org/W2064885784","https://openalex.org/W2082934116","https://openalex.org/W2084213692","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2118960523","https://openalex.org/W2155336872","https://openalex.org/W2221727122","https://openalex.org/W2397820361","https://openalex.org/W3141723204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541158057","https://openalex.org/W2017818230","https://openalex.org/W2268257560","https://openalex.org/W2626548695","https://openalex.org/W1519586109","https://openalex.org/W2030268420","https://openalex.org/W2548348270","https://openalex.org/W2885559332","https://openalex.org/W2155924377","https://openalex.org/W2055154498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"many":[1,46],"users":[2],"with":[3,28,82,119,127,133],"a":[4,10,38,58,74,92,120,167],"physical":[5],"or":[6,13,23,52,85],"motor":[7],"disability,":[8],"using":[9,37],"computer":[11],"mouse":[12],"other":[14,53],"pointing":[15,29],"device":[16],"to":[17,26,49,76,101],"navigate":[18],"the":[19,32,109,136,142,145,155,158,164,171],"web":[20,35,61,79,160],"is":[21,43],"cumbersome":[22],"impossible":[24],"due":[25],"problems":[27],"accuracy.":[30],"At":[31],"same":[33],"time,":[34],"accessibility":[36],"keyboard":[39],"in":[40],"major":[41],"browsers":[42],"rudimentary,":[44],"requiring":[45],"key":[47],"presses":[48],"select":[50],"links":[51,153],"elements.":[54],"We":[55,111,162],"introduce":[56],"KeySurf,":[57],"character":[59],"controlled":[60],"navigation":[62],"system":[63],"which":[64,72],"addresses":[65],"this":[66],"situation":[67],"by":[68],"presenting":[69],"an":[70,89],"interface":[71,115],"allows":[73],"user":[75,102,156],"activate":[77],"any":[78],"page":[80,152],"element":[81],"only":[83],"two":[84],"three":[86],"keystrokes.":[87],"Through":[88],"implementation":[90],"of":[91,144,173,176],"user-centric":[93],"incremental":[94],"search":[95],"algorithm,":[96],"elements":[97],"are":[98,106],"matched":[99],"according":[100],"expectation":[103],"as":[104,124,126],"characters":[105],"entered":[107],"into":[108],"interface.":[110],"show":[112],"how":[113],"our":[114,177],"can":[116],"be":[117],"integrated":[118],"speech":[121],"recognition":[122],"input,":[123],"well":[125],"specialized":[128],"on-screen":[129],"keyboards":[130],"for":[131,154],"people":[132],"disabilities.":[134],"Using":[135],"user's":[137],"browsing":[138],"history,":[139],"we":[140],"improve":[141],"efficiency":[143],"selection":[146],"process":[147],"and":[148],"find":[149],"potentially":[150],"interesting":[151],"within":[157],"current":[159],"page.":[161],"present":[163],"results":[165],"from":[166],"pilot":[168],"study":[169],"evaluating":[170],"performance":[172],"various":[174],"components":[175],"system.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
