{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048767052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1364742.1364746","title":"Vagueness and uncertainty in information retrieval","display_name":"Vagueness and uncertainty in information retrieval","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048767052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1364742.1364746","mag":"2048767052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1364742.1364746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1364742.1364746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Research issues in digital libraries","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079863517","display_name":"Donald H. Kraft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-3045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I430641","display_name":"United States Air Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0055d0g64","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I430641"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald H. Kraft","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Air Force Academy, USAF Academy, CO","U.S. Air Force Academy, USAF Academy, CO#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Air Force Academy, USAF Academy, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Air Force Academy, USAF Academy, CO#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066756066","display_name":"Gabriella Pasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriella Pasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007697149","display_name":"Gloria Bordogna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-753X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133023","display_name":"Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/03z58xd74","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133023","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gloria Bordogna","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNR - Istituto per la Dinamica dei, Dalmine, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR - Istituto per la Dinamica dei, Dalmine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133023"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079863517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I430641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78495668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vagueness","display_name":"Vagueness","score":0.937052845954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7103260159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.6629292368888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5762427449226379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5689430832862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5235474109649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48513540625572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47695600986480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.4715053141117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4436112642288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41655629873275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14293664693832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09250384569168091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776825360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411921","display_name":"Vagueness","level":3,"score":0.937052845954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7103260159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.6629292368888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5762427449226379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5689430832862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5235474109649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48513540625572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47695600986480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4715053141117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4436112642288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41655629873275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14293664693832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09250384569168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1364742.1364746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1364742.1364746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Research issues in digital libraries","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2829055","https://openalex.org/W27103972","https://openalex.org/W45153366","https://openalex.org/W58069012","https://openalex.org/W83876686","https://openalex.org/W111672511","https://openalex.org/W133798088","https://openalex.org/W179372231","https://openalex.org/W1479946730","https://openalex.org/W1487817536","https://openalex.org/W1491912291","https://openalex.org/W1517081887","https://openalex.org/W1530942968","https://openalex.org/W1535992660","https://openalex.org/W1537010709","https://openalex.org/W1542365440","https://openalex.org/W1552648807","https://openalex.org/W1570082825","https://openalex.org/W1582858573","https://openalex.org/W1583663183","https://openalex.org/W1594074844","https://openalex.org/W1604694093","https://openalex.org/W1606832437","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1831016772","https://openalex.org/W1833785989","https://openalex.org/W1956559956","https://openalex.org/W1968680079","https://openalex.org/W1972827961","https://openalex.org/W1974981072","https://openalex.org/W1978112789","https://openalex.org/W1980080444","https://openalex.org/W1980902933","https://openalex.org/W1993241852","https://openalex.org/W1997170591","https://openalex.org/W2001863787","https://openalex.org/W2002171578","https://openalex.org/W2002943127","https://openalex.org/W2007487871","https://openalex.org/W2009924425","https://openalex.org/W2014626836","https://openalex.org/W2016360654","https://openalex.org/W2018143085","https://openalex.org/W2022235964","https://openalex.org/W2034371847","https://openalex.org/W2040780630","https://openalex.org/W2055569966","https://openalex.org/W2060703953","https://openalex.org/W2060907774","https://openalex.org/W2067273185","https://openalex.org/W2072208512","https://openalex.org/W2082496316","https://openalex.org/W2089719286","https://openalex.org/W2094002895","https://openalex.org/W2098147854","https://openalex.org/W2110420103","https://openalex.org/W2135516382","https://openalex.org/W2138721255","https://openalex.org/W2139320621","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2151326023","https://openalex.org/W2151927130","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2157160123","https://openalex.org/W2160746453","https://openalex.org/W2311366358","https://openalex.org/W2325227998","https://openalex.org/W2475768559","https://openalex.org/W2593793079","https://openalex.org/W2617777543","https://openalex.org/W2911997474","https://openalex.org/W3139948765","https://openalex.org/W4212990356","https://openalex.org/W4232561217","https://openalex.org/W4234482150","https://openalex.org/W4237601566","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4250934702","https://openalex.org/W4291896414","https://openalex.org/W4299512808","https://openalex.org/W4299857273","https://openalex.org/W6631858281","https://openalex.org/W6637101025","https://openalex.org/W6640862754","https://openalex.org/W6680636218","https://openalex.org/W6682185110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2496023037","https://openalex.org/W2350451705","https://openalex.org/W2060617333","https://openalex.org/W2093381264","https://openalex.org/W2060378619","https://openalex.org/W2085182244","https://openalex.org/W2917836534","https://openalex.org/W2040401713","https://openalex.org/W1899703204","https://openalex.org/W2080087838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"field":[1],"of":[2,16,32,69,75,79],"fuzzy":[3,17],"information":[4,21,43,70],"systems":[5,55],"has":[6],"grown":[7],"and":[8,59,63,72],"is":[9,40],"maturing.":[10],"In":[11],"this":[12,35],"paper,":[13],"some":[14],"applications":[15],"set":[18,38],"theory":[19,39],"to":[20,42,50],"retrieval":[22,44],"are":[23],"described,":[24],"as":[25,27],"well":[26],"the":[28,46,61,67,76],"more":[29],"recent":[30],"outcomes":[31],"research":[33],"in":[34],"field.":[36],"Fuzzy":[37],"applied":[41],"with":[45],"main":[47,77],"aim":[48],"being":[49],"define":[51],"flexible":[52],"systems,":[53],"i.e.,":[54],"that":[56],"can":[57],"represent":[58],"manage":[60],"vagueness":[62],"subjectivity":[64],"which":[65],"characterizes":[66],"process":[68],"representation":[71],"retrieval,":[73],"one":[74],"objectives":[78],"artificial":[80],"intelligence.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}