{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058021293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1353445.1353451","title":"PEAK\u2014a fast and effective performance tuning system via compiler optimization orchestration","display_name":"PEAK\u2014a fast and effective performance tuning system via compiler optimization orchestration","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058021293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1353445.1353451","mag":"2058021293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1353445.1353451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1353445.1353451","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1353445.1353451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1353445.1353451","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050338403","display_name":"Zhelong Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6192-9608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhelong Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045622261","display_name":"Rudolf Eigenmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-827X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudolf Eigenmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7461,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95152581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8770811557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.8285326957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.7437257170677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimizing-compiler","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","score":0.6624161005020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-optimization","display_name":"Program optimization","score":0.5993990302085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spec#","display_name":"Spec#","score":0.5980029702186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop-optimization","display_name":"Loop optimization","score":0.5825513601303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5660620927810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-tuning","display_name":"Performance tuning","score":0.5327513217926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5070896148681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-improvement","display_name":"Performance improvement","score":0.48932594060897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46190816164016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-compilation","display_name":"Dynamic compilation","score":0.4265987277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.42239364981651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.26404282450675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2473122477531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.18970322608947754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8770811557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.8285326957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.7437257170677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190902152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325106","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","level":3,"score":0.6624161005020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139571649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156793","display_name":"Program optimization","level":3,"score":0.5993990302085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778565505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207566","display_name":"Spec#","level":2,"score":0.5980029702186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29331672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3354468","display_name":"Loop optimization","level":4,"score":0.5825513601303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5660620927810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777138346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1714153","display_name":"Performance tuning","level":2,"score":0.5327513217926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5070896148681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.48932594060897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46190816164016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8767382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058454","display_name":"Dynamic compilation","level":3,"score":0.4265987277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.42239364981651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.26404282450675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2473122477531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.18970322608947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1353445.1353451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1353445.1353451","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1353445.1353451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:ccpubs-1349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ccpubs/338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cyber Center Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:dissertations-6402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI3232117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations Available from ProQuest","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1353445.1353451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1353445.1353451","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1353445.1353451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1557250050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EIA-0103582CCF-0429535CNS-0650016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2002568499","display_name":"Compiler and Runtime Support for Dynamically Adaptive Computation","funder_award_id":"0429535","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2428325813","display_name":"SGER:  Compiler-Driven Adaptive Execution","funder_award_id":"0650016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2634810115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EIA-0103582CCF-0429535CNS-0650016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5366712080","display_name":"NGS: Collaborative Research: An OpenMP Environment for Wide-Area Network Computing","funder_award_id":"0103582","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7275220149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EIA-0103582CCF-0429535CNS-0650016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2058021293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2058021293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509875415","https://openalex.org/W1541359844","https://openalex.org/W1542297259","https://openalex.org/W1584183132","https://openalex.org/W1966708898","https://openalex.org/W1975442866","https://openalex.org/W1980999196","https://openalex.org/W1991751536","https://openalex.org/W2007920703","https://openalex.org/W2009418036","https://openalex.org/W2011334584","https://openalex.org/W2011669306","https://openalex.org/W2018016444","https://openalex.org/W2021951417","https://openalex.org/W2028036887","https://openalex.org/W2028124543","https://openalex.org/W2032404709","https://openalex.org/W2040825319","https://openalex.org/W2044280736","https://openalex.org/W2044636417","https://openalex.org/W2052900991","https://openalex.org/W2055817654","https://openalex.org/W2058719553","https://openalex.org/W2062909992","https://openalex.org/W2066202680","https://openalex.org/W2072737419","https://openalex.org/W2089294198","https://openalex.org/W2089320150","https://openalex.org/W2091994380","https://openalex.org/W2105090082","https://openalex.org/W2106296728","https://openalex.org/W2108149083","https://openalex.org/W2110652915","https://openalex.org/W2114809512","https://openalex.org/W2116210226","https://openalex.org/W2116299797","https://openalex.org/W2117644841","https://openalex.org/W2118937112","https://openalex.org/W2119691711","https://openalex.org/W2121048547","https://openalex.org/W2122418911","https://openalex.org/W2127890955","https://openalex.org/W2134222034","https://openalex.org/W2135653967","https://openalex.org/W2137081678","https://openalex.org/W2137311321","https://openalex.org/W2142449924","https://openalex.org/W2143040477","https://openalex.org/W2144433126","https://openalex.org/W2148255965","https://openalex.org/W2150871888","https://openalex.org/W2152885483","https://openalex.org/W2153456949","https://openalex.org/W2157074753","https://openalex.org/W2157310776","https://openalex.org/W2160620982","https://openalex.org/W2161992906","https://openalex.org/W2164617852","https://openalex.org/W2168519934","https://openalex.org/W2170216784","https://openalex.org/W2214214281","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2914237411","https://openalex.org/W3136479147","https://openalex.org/W4206504442","https://openalex.org/W4231002400","https://openalex.org/W4233609110","https://openalex.org/W4233973673","https://openalex.org/W4235592786","https://openalex.org/W4238502383","https://openalex.org/W4243305730","https://openalex.org/W4246430693","https://openalex.org/W4249150173","https://openalex.org/W4302565961","https://openalex.org/W4320063484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601646354","https://openalex.org/W2374073571","https://openalex.org/W4242404469","https://openalex.org/W2069811640","https://openalex.org/W1575999420","https://openalex.org/W2036668966","https://openalex.org/W2164795104","https://openalex.org/W2883898247","https://openalex.org/W2146865435","https://openalex.org/W2058021293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compile-time":[0],"optimizations":[1,67],"generally":[2],"improve":[3],"program":[4,49,63,175,258],"performance.":[5,259],"Nevertheless,":[6],"degradations":[7],"caused":[8],"by":[9,168,206,219,229],"individual":[10],"compiler":[11,89,182],"optimization":[12,19,30,90,122,188,191,235],"techniques":[13],"are":[14,107,134,184],"to":[15,43,47,60,119,136,158,186,216,248],"be":[16],"expected.":[17],"Feedback-directed":[18],"orchestration":[20],"systems":[21,45],"generate":[22],"optimized":[23,142],"code":[24,95,143,161],"versions":[25],"under":[26],"a":[27,98,147],"series":[28],"of":[29,140,150,181],"combinations,":[31],"evaluate":[32,137],"their":[33],"performance,":[34,64],"and":[35,125,130,173,177],"search":[36,55],"for":[37,86,92,165],"the":[38,87,93,121,138,151,198,209,233,238],"best":[39,88],"version.":[40],"One":[41],"challenge":[42,58],"such":[44],"is":[46,59,117,156],"tune":[48],"performance":[50,79,139,166,205,228],"quickly":[51,124],"in":[52,97,104,193],"an":[53,77,141],"exponential":[54],"space.":[56],"Another":[57],"achieve":[61],"high":[62],"considering":[65],"that":[66],"interact.":[68],"Aiming":[69],"at":[70,197],"these":[71],"two":[72],"goals,":[73],"this":[74,105],"article":[75],"presents":[76],"automated":[78],"tuning":[80,167,171,243],"system,":[81],"PEAK":[82,241],",":[83],"which":[84],"searches":[85],"combinations":[91],"important":[94,160],"sections":[96,162],"program.":[99],"The":[100],"major":[101],"contributions":[102],"made":[103],"work":[106],"as":[108,163],"follows:":[109],"(1)":[110],"An":[111,154],"algorithm":[112,155,203],"called":[113],"Combined":[114],"Elimination":[115],"(CE)":[116],"developed":[118,157],"explore":[120],"space":[123],"effectively;":[126],"(2)":[127],"Three":[128],"fast":[129],"accurate":[131],"rating":[132,239],"methods":[133],"designed":[135],"section":[144],"based":[145],"on":[146,251],"partial":[148],"execution":[149],"program;":[152],"(3)":[153],"identify":[159],"candidates":[164],"trading":[169],"off":[170],"speed":[172],"tuned":[174],"performance;":[176],"(4)":[178],"A":[179],"set":[180],"tools":[183],"implemented":[185],"automate":[187],"orchestration.":[189],"Orchestrating":[190,222],"options":[192],"SUN":[194],"Forte":[195],"compilers":[196],"whole-program":[199],"level,":[200],"our":[201],"CE":[202,226],"improves":[204,227],"10.8%":[207],"over":[208,231],"SPEC":[210],"CPU2000":[211],"FP":[212],"baseline":[213],"setting,":[214],"compared":[215],"5.6%":[217],"improved":[218],"manual":[220],"tuning.":[221],"GCC":[223],"O3":[224],"optimizations,":[225],"12%":[230],"O3,":[232],"highest":[234],"level.":[236],"Applying":[237],"methods,":[240],"reduces":[242],"time":[244],"from":[245],"2.19":[246],"hours":[247],"5.85":[249],"minutes":[250],"average,":[252],"while":[253],"achieving":[254],"equal":[255],"or":[256],"better":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}