{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004695235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1352793.1352859","title":"Cooperative black and gray hole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks","display_name":"Cooperative black and gray hole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004695235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1352793.1352859","mag":"2004695235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1352793.1352859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1352793.1352859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Ubiquitous information management and communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083392937","display_name":"Piyush Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-8944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piyush Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India","Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109727262","display_name":"R. K. Ghosh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94234084","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. K. Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India","Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050881965","display_name":"Sajal K. Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-0868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajal K. Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX","University Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083392937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94234084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96547274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"310","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.8398928642272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.8242027163505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.774567723274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.7182880640029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-drop-attack","display_name":"Packet drop attack","score":0.652338981628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.5581214427947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5001649856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4615516662597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.46031731367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ad-hoc-wireless-distribution-service","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless distribution service","score":0.44912999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3206893801689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.26747429370880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.15650129318237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08934912085533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.079917311668396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.8398928642272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8242027163505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.774567723274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.7182880640029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35546906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2900718","display_name":"Packet drop attack","level":5,"score":0.652338981628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.5581214427947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5001649856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4615516662597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.46031731367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190526755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4678071","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless distribution service","level":5,"score":0.44912999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3206893801689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.26747429370880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.15650129318237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08934912085533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.079917311668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1352793.1352859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1352793.1352859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Ubiquitous information management and communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6615296704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRNM/CS/20030163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320712","funder_display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320712","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjsgx75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50514980","https://openalex.org/W1757708442","https://openalex.org/W1965489815","https://openalex.org/W2036358294","https://openalex.org/W2100083972","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2158923961","https://openalex.org/W2554411508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123795845","https://openalex.org/W2265231577","https://openalex.org/W1123412569","https://openalex.org/W2768875466","https://openalex.org/W3013627169","https://openalex.org/W2385083787","https://openalex.org/W2102995717","https://openalex.org/W2153238122","https://openalex.org/W3026259535","https://openalex.org/W2749079590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,10,76,85,111,155,178],"complete":[6],"protocol":[7,103,133],"to":[8],"detect":[9,107],"chain":[11,112,144],"of":[12,24,45,48,56,64,71,79,87,113,127,130,141,167,177,183,195],"cooperating":[13,114],"malicious":[14,100,115,168],"nodes":[15,98,116,169,196],"in":[16,38,50,90,159,170,197],"an":[17,121,147],"ad":[18,92,186,199],"hoc":[19,93,187,200],"network":[20,78,94,180],"that":[21,84],"disrupts":[22],"transmission":[23,126],"data":[25,37,49],"by":[26,75,119],"feeding":[27],"wrong":[28],"routing":[29],"information.":[30],"Our":[31],"technique":[32],"is":[33,58,164,174,191],"based":[34],"on":[35],"sending":[36,46],"equal":[39],"but":[40,108],"small":[41],"sized":[42],"blocks":[43,129],"instead":[44],"whole":[47],"one":[51],"continuous":[52],"stream.":[53],"The":[54,69,132],"flow":[55],"traffic":[57],"monitored":[59],"independently":[60],"at":[61],"the":[62,91,125,160,165,171,175,184,192,198],"neighborhoods":[63],"both":[65],"source":[66],"and":[67,139,189],"destination.":[68],"results":[70],"monitoring":[72],"are":[73],"gathered":[74],"backbone":[77,179],"trusted":[80,97],"nodes.":[81],"With":[82],"assumption":[83],"neighborhood":[86],"any":[88],"node":[89],"has":[95],"more":[96],"than":[99],"nodes,":[101],"our":[102],"can":[104],"not":[105],"only":[106],"also":[109],"remove":[110],"(gray/black":[117],"hole)":[118],"ensuring":[120],"end-to-end":[122],"checking":[123],"between":[124],"two":[128],"data.":[131],"takes":[134],"O(mdBN)":[135],"time":[136,150],"for":[137,153],"detection":[138],"removal":[140],"gray/black":[142],"holes":[143],"which":[145],"betters":[146],"earlier":[148],"O(n2)":[149],"bound":[151],"[4]":[152],"detecting":[154],"single":[156],"black":[157],"hole":[158],"network.":[161,201],"Here,":[162],"m":[163],"number":[166,194],"network,":[172,188],"dBN":[173],"diameter":[176],"formed":[181],"out":[182],"flat":[185],"n":[190],"total":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}