{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003229342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1352135.1352193","title":"Backstop","display_name":"Backstop","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003229342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1352135.1352193","mag":"2003229342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1352135.1352193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1352135.1352193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002151898","display_name":"Christian Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6420-698X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339472","display_name":"Eun Hee Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5118-5509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunhee Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090171418","display_name":"Gail E. Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-1178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086610016","display_name":"Adam Cannon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Cannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74199254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"173","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.894322395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.894171953201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.783245325088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.7610089778900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5885704755783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compile-time","display_name":"Compile time","score":0.5126268267631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.4417673349380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-stack","display_name":"Call stack","score":0.4401872456073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.42881494760513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.42754095792770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15103107690811157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.894322395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.894171953201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.783245325088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.7610089778900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5885704755783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200833197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333707","display_name":"Compile time","level":3,"score":0.5126268267631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.4417673349380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119024030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759899","display_name":"Call stack","level":3,"score":0.4401872456073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.42881494760513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42754095792770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15103107690811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1352135.1352193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1352135.1352193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963817399","https://openalex.org/W1966749442","https://openalex.org/W1974047325","https://openalex.org/W1979507906","https://openalex.org/W1993146342","https://openalex.org/W1993199499","https://openalex.org/W2064239732","https://openalex.org/W2100469857","https://openalex.org/W2125900270","https://openalex.org/W2132240927","https://openalex.org/W2154948082","https://openalex.org/W2155788121","https://openalex.org/W2295941916","https://openalex.org/W2991785863","https://openalex.org/W4235469518","https://openalex.org/W4237686354","https://openalex.org/W4246606208","https://openalex.org/W4255000652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371266106","https://openalex.org/W2117382851","https://openalex.org/W2382449560","https://openalex.org/W1500546894","https://openalex.org/W2767298477","https://openalex.org/W2110432562","https://openalex.org/W2740264376","https://openalex.org/W4206999239","https://openalex.org/W2161928627","https://openalex.org/W2025344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"errors":[1,85],"that":[2,38,46],"Java":[3,87],"programmers":[4,52,136],"are":[5,34,70],"likely":[6],"to":[7,75,109,119],"encounter":[8],"can":[9],"roughly":[10],"be":[11],"categorized":[12],"into":[13],"three":[14],"groups:":[15],"compile-time":[16],"(semantic":[17],"and":[18,21,64,101,116],"syntactic),":[19],"logical,":[20],"runtime":[22,49,84],"(exceptions).":[23],"While":[24],"much":[25],"work":[26],"has":[27],"focused":[28],"on":[29,134],"the":[30,42,65,111,114,117,120,127,138,143],"first":[31],"two,":[32],"there":[33],"very":[35],"few":[36],"tools":[37],"exist":[39],"for":[40,82],"interpreting":[41],"sometimes":[43],"cryptic":[44],"messages":[45,95],"result":[47],"from":[48],"errors.":[50],"Novice":[51],"in":[53,61,86],"particular":[54],"have":[55],"difficulty":[56],"dealing":[57],"with":[58],"uncaught":[59,98],"exceptions":[60],"their":[62],"code":[63],"resulting":[66],"stack":[67],"traces,":[68],"which":[69],"by":[71,106],"no":[72],"means":[73],"easy":[74],"understand.":[76],"We":[77,124],"present":[78,126],"Backstop,":[79],"a":[80],"tool":[81,90],"debugging":[83,104],"applications.":[88],"This":[89],"provides":[91,103],"more":[92],"user-friendly":[93],"error":[94],"when":[96],"an":[97],"exception":[99],"occurs,":[100],"also":[102,125],"support":[105],"allowing":[107],"users":[108],"watch":[110],"execution":[112],"of":[113,122,129,142],"program":[115],"changes":[118],"values":[121],"variables.":[123],"results":[128],"two":[130,139],"preliminary":[131],"studies":[132],"conducted":[133],"introductory-level":[135],"using":[137],"different":[140],"features":[141],"tool.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}