{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004464838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1347375.1347387","title":"A stochastic bitwidth estimation technique for compact and low-power custom processors","display_name":"A stochastic bitwidth estimation technique for compact and low-power custom processors","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004464838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1347375.1347387","mag":"2004464838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1347375.1347387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1347375.1347387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060902414","display_name":"Emre \u00d6zer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emre \u00d6zer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102980562","display_name":"Andy Nisbet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy P. Nisbet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003800161","display_name":"David Gregg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-4612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gregg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060902414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0797,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87690869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.7688382863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7563009858131409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operand","display_name":"Operand","score":0.6962343454360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.52128005027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4823000431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.48173287510871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4744725823402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4583333134651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.4419035017490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.33395129442214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3158169686794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16261211037635803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7688382863998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7563009858131409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55526617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719375","display_name":"Operand","level":2,"score":0.6962343454360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.52128005027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4823000431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.48173287510871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4744725823402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4583333134651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4419035017490387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.33395129442214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3158169686794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16261211037635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1347375.1347387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1347375.1347387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6050135627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IF/2002/035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320834","funder_display_name":"Enterprise Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320834","display_name":"Enterprise Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/023z51242"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180252950","https://openalex.org/W1509625038","https://openalex.org/W1516536978","https://openalex.org/W1526585577","https://openalex.org/W1533508804","https://openalex.org/W1910521375","https://openalex.org/W1965864973","https://openalex.org/W1994372357","https://openalex.org/W2006471246","https://openalex.org/W2013286553","https://openalex.org/W2038198320","https://openalex.org/W2043233551","https://openalex.org/W2052099639","https://openalex.org/W2117285153","https://openalex.org/W2119131949","https://openalex.org/W2120916482","https://openalex.org/W2122218867","https://openalex.org/W2129345153","https://openalex.org/W2129891179","https://openalex.org/W2132000808","https://openalex.org/W2135769545","https://openalex.org/W2140481308","https://openalex.org/W2148911285","https://openalex.org/W2151176284","https://openalex.org/W2155789379","https://openalex.org/W2161871086","https://openalex.org/W2162203206","https://openalex.org/W2745045259","https://openalex.org/W4253776538","https://openalex.org/W4255681033","https://openalex.org/W4301201397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2479014312","https://openalex.org/W1583465708","https://openalex.org/W1541585229","https://openalex.org/W1601646354","https://openalex.org/W4235959758","https://openalex.org/W4245265375","https://openalex.org/W2078700326","https://openalex.org/W1853049011","https://openalex.org/W2150593430","https://openalex.org/W1506438023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,75,120],"an":[2,53,190],"increasing":[3],"trend":[4],"toward":[5],"compiling":[6],"from":[7],"C":[8,69],"to":[9,47,52,85,106,124,163],"custom":[10,152,167],"hardware":[11,153,168],"for":[12],"designing":[13],"embedded":[14],"systems":[15],"in":[16,41,64,166,173],"which":[17],"the":[18,35,49,57,67,78,87,108,136,156],"area":[19,74,169],"and":[20,28,150,170],"power":[21,175],"consumption":[22,176],"of":[23,37,59,89,110],"application-specific":[24],"functional":[25],"units,":[26],"registers,":[27],"memory":[29],"blocks":[30],"are":[31,83],"heavily":[32],"dependent":[33],"on":[34,189],"bit-widths":[36,109,144],"integer":[38,54,90,111,127,143,158,186],"operands":[39],"used":[40,84],"computations.":[42],"The":[43,117],"actual":[44],"bit-width":[45,98,128,138,159,179],"required":[46],"store":[48],"values":[50],"assigned":[51],"variable":[55],"during":[56],"execution":[58],"a":[60,102],"program":[61],"will":[62],"not,":[63],"general,":[65],"match":[66],"built-in":[68,79],"data":[70,80],"types.":[71],"Thus,":[72],"precious":[73],"wasted":[76],"if":[77],"type":[81],"sizes":[82],"declare":[86],"size":[88],"operands.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"introduce":[96],"stochastic":[97,137,178],"estimation":[99,118,139,180],"that":[100,135],"follows":[101],"simulation-based":[103],"probabilistic":[104],"approach":[105],"estimate":[107],"variables":[112],"using":[113,177],"extreme":[114],"value":[115],"theory.":[116],"technique":[119,140],"also":[121],"empirically":[122],"compared":[123],"two":[125],"compile-time":[126,157],"analysis":[129,160],"techniques.":[130,161],"Our":[131],"experimental":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"dramatically":[141],"reduces":[142],"and,":[145],"therefore,":[146],"enables":[147],"more":[148],"compact":[149],"power-efficient":[151],"designs":[154],"than":[155],"Up":[162],"37%":[164],"reduction":[165,172],"30%":[171],"logic":[174],"can":[181],"be":[182],"attained":[183],"over":[184],"ten":[185],"applications":[187],"implemented":[188],"FPGA":[191],"chip.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}