{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965954589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330332.1330335","title":"Passive-Logging Attacks Against Anonymous Communications Systems","display_name":"Passive-Logging Attacks Against Anonymous Communications Systems","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965954589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330332.1330335","mag":"1965954589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1330332.1330335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330332.1330335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2642811","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information and System Security","issn_l":"1094-9224","issn":["1094-9224","1557-7406"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information and System Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3179934","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035719182","display_name":"Matthew Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew K. Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Texas At Arlington","University of Texas at Arlington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Texas At Arlington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014172485","display_name":"Micah Adler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micah Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst","University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102976517","display_name":"Brian Neil Levine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-0617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Neil Levine","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst","University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053848231","display_name":"Clay Shields","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clay Shields","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University","GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96070251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8751276731491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.742493212223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6128281950950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6065057516098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5854418873786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.505509614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.44263768196105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4292375445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.41662976145744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3748050034046173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8751276731491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.742493212223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6128281950950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6065057516098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5854418873786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.505509614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44263768196105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4292375445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.41662976145744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3748050034046173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1330332.1330335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330332.1330335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2642811","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information and System Security","issn_l":"1094-9224","issn":["1094-9224","1557-7406"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information and System Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:cs_faculty_pubs-1847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cs_faculty_pubs/848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402057","display_name":"Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:dissertations-4090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3179934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations Available from Proquest","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.133.5072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.133.5072","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ranger.uta.edu/~mwright/papers/wright-tissec07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.148.2768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.148.2768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://prisms.cs.umass.edu/brian/pubs/wright.tissec.2008.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:20.500.14394/10447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/10447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402057","display_name":"Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:dissertations-4090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3179934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations Available from Proquest","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009878766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EIA-0080119ANI-0087482ANI-0296194CNS-0549998","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5215394499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2000-DT-CX-K001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306098","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Justice"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5381228082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EIA-0080119ANI-0087482ANI-0296194CNS-0549998","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306098","display_name":"U.S. Department of Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/02916qm60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76901472","https://openalex.org/W1484798037","https://openalex.org/W1485030181","https://openalex.org/W1494538302","https://openalex.org/W1511198340","https://openalex.org/W1514868023","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1542162318","https://openalex.org/W1591967853","https://openalex.org/W1595797875","https://openalex.org/W1606058619","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1664483094","https://openalex.org/W1764405480","https://openalex.org/W1785885998","https://openalex.org/W1866884617","https://openalex.org/W1869319442","https://openalex.org/W1875604605","https://openalex.org/W1916902331","https://openalex.org/W1973264053","https://openalex.org/W1978884755","https://openalex.org/W2002080807","https://openalex.org/W2041221349","https://openalex.org/W2056363353","https://openalex.org/W2059889410","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2103597742","https://openalex.org/W2105726509","https://openalex.org/W2108668142","https://openalex.org/W2111884550","https://openalex.org/W2112178441","https://openalex.org/W2127295197","https://openalex.org/W2135088779","https://openalex.org/W2138719936","https://openalex.org/W2140355923","https://openalex.org/W2150248082","https://openalex.org/W2157252836","https://openalex.org/W2158878124","https://openalex.org/W2161721751","https://openalex.org/W2162297215","https://openalex.org/W2163674653","https://openalex.org/W2174056151","https://openalex.org/W2534828982","https://openalex.org/W2602645338","https://openalex.org/W2741659057","https://openalex.org/W2911266585","https://openalex.org/W3003153370","https://openalex.org/W6630973029","https://openalex.org/W6680375267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W1593132758","https://openalex.org/W2117874351","https://openalex.org/W4206398305","https://openalex.org/W3023934611","https://openalex.org/W2157186778","https://openalex.org/W2082747743","https://openalex.org/W1993929477","https://openalex.org/W2071573776","https://openalex.org/W2033319591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"analysis,":[1],"simulation,":[2],"and":[3,128,196,221],"experimentation,":[4],"we":[5,19,30,40,90,112,132,176],"examine":[6],"the":[7,21,32,42,59,70,81,114,130,142,172,178,182,188,198,205,225],"threat":[8],"against":[9,154],"anonymous":[10],"communications":[11],"posed":[12],"by":[13,68,92,105,187],"passive-logging":[14],"attacks.":[15],"In":[16],"previous":[17],"work,":[18],"analyzed":[20,197],"success":[22],"of":[23,34,55,72,76,116,144,180,201],"such":[24],"attacks":[25,153,189],"under":[26],"various":[27],"assumptions.":[28],"Here,":[29],"evaluate":[31],"effects":[33,115],"these":[35],"assumptions":[36],"more":[37,139],"closely.":[38],"First,":[39],"analyze":[41,113],"Onion":[43],"Routing-based":[44],"model":[45],"used":[46],"in":[47,50,58,80,100,121,169,191],"prior":[48,109],"work":[49],"which":[51,122,208],"a":[52,117,145],"fixed":[53],"set":[54,148],"nodes":[56,77,123],"remains":[57],"system":[60],"indefinitely.":[61],"We":[62,194,214],"show":[63,91,133,215],"that":[64,94,134],"for":[65,78,217],"this":[66],"model,":[67,120],"removing":[69],"assumption":[71,143],"uniformly":[73],"random":[74],"selection":[75],"placement":[79],"path,":[82],"initiators":[83],"can":[84,211],"greatly":[85],"improve":[86],"their":[87,166],"anonymity.":[88],"Second,":[89],"simulation":[93],"attack":[95],"times":[96],"are":[97,124,157],"significantly":[98],"lower":[99],"practice":[101],"than":[102],"bounds":[103],"given":[104],"analytical":[106],"results":[107],"from":[108],"work.":[110],"Third,":[111],"dynamic":[118],"membership":[119],"allowed":[125],"to":[126,159,203,207,224],"join":[127],"leave":[129],"system;":[131],"all":[135],"known":[136],"defenses":[137],"fail":[138],"quickly":[140],"when":[141],"static":[146],"node":[147],"is":[149,229],"relaxed.":[150],"Fourth,":[151],"intersection":[152],"peer-to-peer":[155],"systems":[156],"shown":[158],"be":[160,212],"an":[161],"additional":[162],"danger,":[163],"either":[164],"on":[165],"own":[167],"or":[168],"conjunction":[170],"with":[171],"predecessor":[173],"attack.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"address":[177],"question":[179],"whether":[181],"regular":[183],"communication":[184,223],"patterns":[185,210],"required":[186],"exist":[190],"real":[192],"traffic.":[193],"collected":[195],"Web":[199,227],"requests":[200],"users":[202],"determine":[204],"extent":[206],"basic":[209],"found.":[213],"that,":[216],"our":[218],"study,":[219],"frequent":[220],"repeated":[222],"same":[226],"site":[228],"common.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}