{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000169455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330311.1330321","title":"The business of open source","display_name":"The business of open source","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000169455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330311.1330321","mag":"2000169455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1330311.1330321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330311.1330321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000935199","display_name":"Richard T. Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0664-8337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard T. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia, Athens","University of Georgia - Athens"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia, Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia - Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037598264","display_name":"Marie\u2010Claude Boudreau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-2163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Claude Boudreau","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia, Athens","University of Georgia - Athens"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia, Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia - Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064314665","display_name":"Paul T. York","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul T. York","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia, Athens","University of Georgia - Athens"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia, Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia - Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103336243","display_name":"Martina E. Greiner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina E. Greiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia, Athens","University of Georgia - Athens"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia, Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia - Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111930797","display_name":"Donald E. Wynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-3281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Wynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dayton, OH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dayton, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000935199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.6362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99676628,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"41","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.7200999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.7200999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6424180269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.6255766153335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.5483459234237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.44028687477111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"Competitive advantage","score":0.4248582124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3629804849624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.30586275458335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2394375503063202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.11207559704780579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6424180269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.6255766153335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.5483459234237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.44028687477111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.4248582124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3629804849624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.30586275458335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2394375503063202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.11207559704780579}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1330311.1330321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330311.1330321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577806046","https://openalex.org/W2120787072","https://openalex.org/W2153045424","https://openalex.org/W2334741280","https://openalex.org/W2916474107","https://openalex.org/W3018965553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376877853","https://openalex.org/W1493891899","https://openalex.org/W4250928611","https://openalex.org/W166480398","https://openalex.org/W167327709","https://openalex.org/W1977393088","https://openalex.org/W4387839566","https://openalex.org/W4210922265","https://openalex.org/W2491403535","https://openalex.org/W2328580451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracking":[0],"the":[1,6],"changing":[2],"competitive":[3],"conditions":[4],"of":[5],"software":[7],"industry.":[8]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}