{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140835690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330017.1330020","title":"Normalize, transpose, and distribute","display_name":"Normalize, transpose, and distribute","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140835690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330017.1330020","mag":"2140835690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1330017.1330020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330017.1330020","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1330017.1330020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1330017.1330020","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080609636","display_name":"Daniel E. Cooke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel E. Cooke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050974085","display_name":"J. Nelson Rushton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Nelson Rushton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004996455","display_name":"Brad Nemanich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad Nemanich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018771607","display_name":"Robert G. Watson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert G. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040107070","display_name":"Per Andersen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Andersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3349,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90292878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9062120914459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7508666515350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transpose","display_name":"Transpose","score":0.7321776151657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6525528430938721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operand","display_name":"Operand","score":0.6430362462997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.623278796672821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5334537029266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-semantics","display_name":"Operational semantics","score":0.4566135108470917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.45506617426872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpreter","display_name":"Interpreter","score":0.445487380027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.41716691851615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3770461976528168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.19814977049827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07908552885055542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9062120914459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7508666515350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200106649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223683","display_name":"Transpose","level":3,"score":0.7321776151657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6525528430938721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55526617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719375","display_name":"Operand","level":2,"score":0.6430362462997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.623278796672821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5334537029266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930895","display_name":"Operational semantics","level":3,"score":0.4566135108470917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45506617426872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122783720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183065","display_name":"Interpreter","level":2,"score":0.445487380027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.41716691851615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3770461976528168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.19814977049827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07908552885055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1330017.1330020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330017.1330020","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1330017.1330020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1330017.1330020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1330017.1330020","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1330017.1330020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4832563095","display_name":"AWARD BASIC AGREEMENT","funder_award_id":"NNJ06HE94A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5255684681","display_name":"CONTROL SYSTEMS, WATER RECOVERY, HUMAN FACTORS, & PLANT GROWTH\"CON    GRESSIONAL EARMARK\"","funder_award_id":"NNG06GJ14G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2140835690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2140835690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506329803","https://openalex.org/W1552502992","https://openalex.org/W1580566336","https://openalex.org/W1608714802","https://openalex.org/W1672891595","https://openalex.org/W1986683298","https://openalex.org/W1988327784","https://openalex.org/W2002482456","https://openalex.org/W2004414305","https://openalex.org/W2020580827","https://openalex.org/W2022747918","https://openalex.org/W2023848892","https://openalex.org/W2046671194","https://openalex.org/W2048824439","https://openalex.org/W2058619156","https://openalex.org/W2073459723","https://openalex.org/W2076698873","https://openalex.org/W2093896470","https://openalex.org/W2128743718","https://openalex.org/W2145944603","https://openalex.org/W2172307690","https://openalex.org/W2436525433","https://openalex.org/W3004062484","https://openalex.org/W4252345548","https://openalex.org/W4386212917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2556282987","https://openalex.org/W1533508804","https://openalex.org/W1970370079","https://openalex.org/W2050923821","https://openalex.org/W2098637578","https://openalex.org/W2333680585","https://openalex.org/W1999746819","https://openalex.org/W1996625680","https://openalex.org/W4378651692","https://openalex.org/W2003786218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SequenceL":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,7,27,63,71,97],"concise,":[3],"high-level":[4],"language":[5,69],"with":[6,80,96],"simple":[8],"semantics":[9,24],"that":[10],"provides":[11],"for":[12],"the":[13,42,47,60,68,83,89],"automatic":[14],"derivation":[15],"of":[16,44,49,54,62,75,91],"many":[17],"iterative":[18],"and":[19,32,46,86,88],"parallel":[20],"control":[21],"structures.":[22],"The":[23],"repeatedly":[25],"applies":[26],"\u201cNormalize-Transpose-Distribute\u201d":[28],"operation":[29],"to":[30,52,66,70],"functions":[31],"operators":[33,51],"until":[34],"base":[35],"cases":[36,40],"are":[37,78],"discovered.":[38],"Base":[39],"include":[41],"grounding":[43],"variables":[45],"application":[48],"built-in":[50],"operands":[53],"appropriate":[55],"types.":[56],"This":[57],"article":[58],"introduces":[59],"results":[61],"24-month":[64],"effort":[65],"reduce":[67],"very":[72],"small":[73],"set":[74],"primitives.":[76],"Included":[77],"comparisons":[79],"other":[81],"languages,":[82],"formal":[84],"syntax":[85],"semantics,":[87],"traces":[90],"several":[92],"example":[93],"problems":[94],"run":[95],"prototype":[98],"interpreter":[99],"developed":[100],"in":[101],"2006.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
